1 00:00:00,892 --> 00:00:04,959 The Amazon, the Earth's mightiest river. 2 00:00:05,991 --> 00:00:11,839 For the last month an expedition has been exploring the alien world beneath its surface. 3 00:00:13,543 --> 00:00:17,152 Now the team is prepared for its greatest adventure. 4 00:00:17,518 --> 00:00:20,752 To explore the Amazon's abyss. 5 00:00:24,162 --> 00:00:27,735 Nobody knows what lurks in its hidden depths. 6 00:00:29,298 --> 00:00:33,456 Solving the mystey will be their greatest test yet. 7 00:00:47,969 --> 00:00:50,427 It's the final week of the expedition. 8 00:00:50,631 --> 00:00:53,390 Storms of the rainy season have arrived. 9 00:00:53,463 --> 00:00:56,954 River conditions will soon be too severe for diving. 10 00:00:58,311 --> 00:01:01,436 Time is fast running out. 11 00:01:04,406 --> 00:01:07,193 They're facing the most difficult challenge yet 12 00:01:07,269 --> 00:01:09,361 the expedition's ultimate goal 13 00:01:09,435 --> 00:01:12,660 to find life in the abyss. 14 00:01:16,226 --> 00:01:21,754 Now 1000 miles from the sea, they are nearing the deepest point of the Amazon. 15 00:01:25,910 --> 00:01:30,863 During the last 4 weeks, they've made over 60 dives to the river bed. 16 00:01:31,438 --> 00:01:37,140 A bizzare underworld, with creatures adapted to a life in murky water. 17 00:01:40,801 --> 00:01:43,816 Some armored to fight back, 18 00:01:47,197 --> 00:01:50,587 but going deeper is frought with dangers. 19 00:01:52,317 --> 00:01:56,658 3 weeks ago the divers descended to 45 meters. 20 00:02:02,765 --> 00:02:07,727 It was so dark, they could hardly see, far less find life. 21 00:02:08,138 --> 00:02:13,611 In such conditions the risk of sending divers to 90 meters is just too great. 22 00:02:18,631 --> 00:02:22,131 To achieve their mission of filming life in the deepest abyss, 23 00:02:22,204 --> 00:02:26,727 The expedition has just taken delivery of a very special piece of kit. 24 00:02:30,946 --> 00:02:35,734 For cameraman Mike DeGruy, it means they have a real chance of success. 25 00:02:38,871 --> 00:02:42,782 Kate Humble helps unpack the expedition's new toy. 26 00:02:44,573 --> 00:02:48,222 This is an ROV , a remotely operated vehicle. 27 00:02:48,477 --> 00:02:51,657 With it they hope to make scientific history. 28 00:02:52,748 --> 00:02:56,348 This goes way deeper than any of us can go. 29 00:02:56,759 --> 00:03:02,242 We can take this and place it into a spot, and can stay down 24 hours a day 30 00:03:02,308 --> 00:03:04,382 as an eye in the river. 31 00:03:04,458 --> 00:03:08,856 We've got 2 cameras, we've got a sonar, we've got lots of instrumentation 32 00:03:08,902 --> 00:03:10,967 that we can put on and take off. 33 00:03:11,022 --> 00:03:14,594 This is a very cool toy. To be able to get a view 34 00:03:14,631 --> 00:03:19,062 of the river that we would never be able to get as diver, is great. 35 00:03:19,108 --> 00:03:24,271 And the other thing is that it doesn't run out of air, it can be down there all day. 36 00:03:26,556 --> 00:03:30,952 They want to fly the ROV far beyond safe diving range. 37 00:03:36,662 --> 00:03:41,395 To help, they're joined by Steve Sargison, specialist ROV pilot. 38 00:03:41,514 --> 00:03:44,703 He's spent his career salvaging wreks. 39 00:03:45,758 --> 00:03:49,705 Forwards, backwards, go left, go right 40 00:03:49,742 --> 00:03:55,462 that will give us full power, that will give us full power when down, and this is a fine trim. 41 00:03:56,593 --> 00:03:59,673 The river current runs at 3 knots. 42 00:04:00,075 --> 00:04:04,150 The ROV will only be just able to cope. 43 00:04:04,561 --> 00:04:07,924 Any equipment failure could be desastrous. 44 00:04:15,959 --> 00:04:20,218 The river bed here plunges to more than 90 meters deep. 45 00:04:27,576 --> 00:04:32,528 This is the moment scientist dr. Mario dePinna has dreamt of for years. 46 00:04:32,915 --> 00:04:36,259 We are here, taking the opportunity of coming to these remote places 47 00:04:36,332 --> 00:04:40,517 but really the new stuff, the extraordinary stuff, is found in deep water. 48 00:05:12,851 --> 00:05:16,077 The ROV's first flight reveals a problem. 49 00:05:16,890 --> 00:05:19,019 One of the motors has failed. 50 00:05:19,210 --> 00:05:23,194 Without full power , the ROV cannot descend. 51 00:05:29,539 --> 00:05:35,094 Unless the engine could be fixed, the abyss will remain tantalisingly out of reach. 52 00:05:37,946 --> 00:05:41,537 The robot is operating at its limits in a river so deep 53 00:05:41,629 --> 00:05:46,124 it's a major shiping channel, right into the heart of the jungle. 54 00:05:50,500 --> 00:05:53,260 Steve needs to get to grips with the ROV 55 00:05:54,905 --> 00:05:56,842 Time is now precious. 56 00:05:57,222 --> 00:06:02,449 The team grab a last chance to explore places that will soon be washed up by the rains. 57 00:06:06,462 --> 00:06:10,090 Mike Pitts is going to look for fish on the forest floor. 58 00:06:13,718 --> 00:06:19,301 Further down river, Kate and Mike investigate an area of jungle that is underwater. 59 00:06:38,390 --> 00:06:45,161 To get steady images of this drown jungle, Mike improvises a novel form of propulsion. 60 00:06:51,433 --> 00:06:55,527 Every year, vast areas of the forest are flooded. 61 00:06:56,507 --> 00:07:01,643 The trees and the wildlife are perfecly adapted to survive the inundation. 62 00:07:03,864 --> 00:07:09,200 Fresh water sponges cluster in the branches, waiting to be immersed. 63 00:07:11,971 --> 00:07:15,919 And fish spill out across the forest floor. 64 00:07:47,399 --> 00:07:52,571 Mike Pitts is looking for fish that will be high and dry until the floods are off. 65 00:07:56,975 --> 00:08:00,018 This jungle has been above water for 3 months. 66 00:08:00,192 --> 00:08:03,143 Mike's team is joined by a local scientist 67 00:08:03,189 --> 00:08:07,547 who's recently discovered unique fish on the forest floor. 68 00:08:12,983 --> 00:08:16,830 Any fish here were trapped in pools by a retreating river. 69 00:08:16,876 --> 00:08:21,527 and must endure months in stagnant waters, before the flood returns. 70 00:08:22,313 --> 00:08:26,864 Some are so small they can only be found with a fine mesh net. 71 00:08:36,383 --> 00:08:39,499 Is that a fully grown specimen ? No, it's a juvenile. 72 00:08:39,536 --> 00:08:41,885 Juvenile ? They grow up to half a meter... 73 00:08:42,003 --> 00:08:43,155 Half of meter ? Yeah 74 00:08:43,219 --> 00:08:44,516 And it bites ? Painfully 75 00:08:44,599 --> 00:08:47,111 I think I'm gonna release that. 76 00:08:50,302 --> 00:08:54,578 But weather permitting, they hope to find an even more remarkable fish. 77 00:08:56,982 --> 00:08:59,906 On a journey up here someone is explaining to me 78 00:08:59,960 --> 00:09:03,743 about a small catfish, wich , is probably blind 79 00:09:03,999 --> 00:09:07,563 but lives in these very shallow waters, or even in the soil. 80 00:09:07,663 --> 00:09:12,049 It looks like a worm, but it's actually a fish, it's got feelers, it's got the whole thing. 81 00:09:19,104 --> 00:09:21,717 Yes, that's a fish, look at that. 82 00:09:22,064 --> 00:09:25,016 It's totally red That's the worm-- 83 00:09:25,107 --> 00:09:28,781 or the catfish. I think it's a large one. 84 00:09:29,155 --> 00:09:32,472 If I'd find that by myself I wouldn't noticed that this isn't a worm 85 00:09:32,500 --> 00:09:34,355 That's no way I would say that is a catfish. 86 00:09:34,419 --> 00:09:38,777 This fish has no name. It's a new species. 87 00:09:40,239 --> 00:09:42,039 And I've got it in my hand 88 00:09:42,798 --> 00:09:46,581 The whole of its body can absorb oxygen from the air. 89 00:09:46,690 --> 00:09:50,555 A miniature catfish that can live on land. 90 00:09:55,173 --> 00:09:59,724 It is taken all day to fix the robot, and they are well behind schedule. 91 00:10:00,199 --> 00:10:04,019 As night falls, they launch a deep water test-dive. 92 00:10:09,048 --> 00:10:13,105 This is the first ever attempt to reach the abyss. 93 00:10:24,155 --> 00:10:26,056 But there's trouble brewing. 94 00:10:31,137 --> 00:10:33,631 It's gonna become a hazardous situation for the equipment 95 00:10:33,668 --> 00:10:35,845 so I hope the storm won't come 96 00:10:35,873 --> 00:10:40,396 But if we are gonna stop doing things just because of the storms, we'll never do anything 97 00:10:40,433 --> 00:10:45,285 because there's a storm threat in the horizon every 10 minutes. 98 00:10:48,657 --> 00:10:51,919 Suddenly the storm changes direction. 99 00:10:52,028 --> 00:10:54,724 This is weather that can sink ships. 100 00:10:58,415 --> 00:11:03,715 Until they get the ROV back on board, they're stuck directly in its path. 101 00:11:19,797 --> 00:11:23,680 It seems the Amazon is conspiring against their mission. 102 00:11:23,817 --> 00:11:25,919 So much electricity going on up there 103 00:11:25,937 --> 00:11:28,998 It's impressive, and you can see 104 00:11:29,738 --> 00:11:32,771 a different kind of splendor in the Amazon. 105 00:11:41,351 --> 00:11:43,791 Next morning there's a break in the weather. 106 00:11:44,065 --> 00:11:48,743 The robot is launched and descends into the unexplored depths. 107 00:11:53,787 --> 00:11:59,571 At last they are poised to find out if there's anything living in the abyss. 108 00:12:00,110 --> 00:12:04,889 They're using a bag of fish bait, to attract predators from the gloom. 109 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:09,640 Scientists know the Amazon is rich with life to a depth of 30 meters 110 00:12:09,704 --> 00:12:13,277 but the ROV is already well below that. 111 00:12:24,726 --> 00:12:27,093 6 minutes, we have the first fish. 112 00:12:27,157 --> 00:12:29,121 two of them now. 113 00:12:29,213 --> 00:12:32,557 They've got tiny, tiny eyes 114 00:12:32,703 --> 00:12:36,157 and big sucker mouths 115 00:12:36,414 --> 00:12:39,274 The bait is working. 116 00:12:39,392 --> 00:12:42,819 The first sign of life deep in the Amazon. 117 00:12:44,272 --> 00:12:46,273 There's five of them 118 00:12:46,319 --> 00:12:49,663 It's getting kind of busy. Look at that ! 119 00:12:50,695 --> 00:12:53,446 For Mario, a major breakthrough. 120 00:12:53,582 --> 00:12:58,672 These are scavenging catfish. 121 00:12:59,577 --> 00:13:03,671 We have never seen this spectacle before, this is the first time I see it. 122 00:13:04,302 --> 00:13:07,171 Wonderful. They have huge muscles 123 00:13:07,207 --> 00:13:10,524 the jaw muscles are so big, that they actually cover 124 00:13:10,543 --> 00:13:13,175 their whole head, all the way to their midline 125 00:13:13,303 --> 00:13:15,962 and that's a very vey powerful bite. 126 00:13:15,989 --> 00:13:19,115 These guys can use a little hole to get inside and eat. 127 00:13:21,024 --> 00:13:25,593 That kind of scares me more than just having a piece of flesh taken away. 128 00:13:26,599 --> 00:13:30,729 These scavengers feed on the dead, but can attack the living. 129 00:13:30,784 --> 00:13:37,144 With a ring of teeth like a ripping circular saw, candiru bore into flesh. 130 00:13:38,469 --> 00:13:41,877 Fish that thrive at 44 meters. 131 00:13:41,996 --> 00:13:45,696 But does anything exist in the deepest abyss ? 132 00:13:48,054 --> 00:13:50,110 They may yet be thwarted 133 00:13:51,754 --> 00:13:54,751 The ROV has badly malfunctioned. 134 00:13:54,842 --> 00:13:58,095 Steve is forced to do electrical surgery. 135 00:14:01,824 --> 00:14:03,724 It's going to take some time. 136 00:14:08,970 --> 00:14:11,784 Next morning, with the further delay, 137 00:14:11,803 --> 00:14:14,672 and just 2 days of expedition time left, 138 00:14:14,754 --> 00:14:18,573 Mike grabs a chance to fulfill a personal ambition. 139 00:14:25,016 --> 00:14:27,483 His search takes them far into the jungle, 140 00:14:27,538 --> 00:14:30,151 with amazon guide Samuel. 141 00:14:30,535 --> 00:14:32,893 They're looking for a sloth. 142 00:14:34,501 --> 00:14:38,321 It's really hard to find them, because they grow in the trees, and stay over there. 143 00:14:38,477 --> 00:14:41,574 They don't move there much 144 00:14:42,178 --> 00:14:47,524 If only we can find one of these things, because I realy want to see a sloth before I leave the Amazon. 145 00:14:48,557 --> 00:14:53,976 The fact that they move so slowly, and they are covered with algae and so well camouflaged 146 00:14:54,085 --> 00:14:57,037 makes them practically impossible to spot. 147 00:14:57,201 --> 00:14:59,760 This is ideal habitat for sloth. 148 00:14:59,824 --> 00:15:02,848 But it will soon change out of all recognition. 149 00:15:04,347 --> 00:15:08,925 In the coming months a deluge of rain will flood the jungle. 150 00:15:10,388 --> 00:15:13,814 The interesting thing is it all happen without ever raining here. 151 00:15:13,888 --> 00:15:17,287 The rains are by the Andes, or somwhere else, 152 00:15:17,443 --> 00:15:20,065 and the river just lifts up anyway. 153 00:15:20,165 --> 00:15:24,094 Every year...that is a lot of water. 154 00:15:24,852 --> 00:15:29,814 But the sloths will remain high in the canopy, above the raising water. 155 00:15:31,623 --> 00:15:36,704 It takes an experienced eye to spot one in its lofty retreat. 156 00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:42,342 Right in front of us there's a sloth. 157 00:15:42,561 --> 00:15:44,315 I don't belive it. 158 00:16:02,290 --> 00:16:06,758 More than anything else, I love the way they look and move. 159 00:16:07,426 --> 00:16:12,936 I wonder if they make decisions at the same pace they climb. 160 00:16:15,229 --> 00:16:16,801 See, I don't know 161 00:16:16,993 --> 00:16:21,900 why I have this obsession about seeing a sloth while I'm here, 162 00:16:22,055 --> 00:16:26,341 but certainly the sloth's unique, and... I saw myself 163 00:16:29,439 --> 00:16:32,418 Mike has realised his life-long ambition. 164 00:16:33,176 --> 00:16:37,069 The expedition main objective is proving harder to achieve. 165 00:16:37,434 --> 00:16:40,240 The robot has been repaired. 166 00:16:41,674 --> 00:16:46,471 It's already been underwater for an hour, and it's reached a depth of 80 meters. 167 00:16:46,535 --> 00:16:48,847 The deepest they've ever been. 168 00:16:49,715 --> 00:16:52,785 But the visibility is almost zero. 169 00:16:52,831 --> 00:16:56,559 They have no idea what obstructions are hidden ahead. 170 00:17:09,161 --> 00:17:10,970 We're inside this shipwreck. 171 00:17:12,642 --> 00:17:15,456 See the metal structure there ? Yeah. 172 00:17:16,142 --> 00:17:20,912 So we need to not move, but think about how we do this. 173 00:17:21,625 --> 00:17:26,742 By extraordinary chance, they've stumbled into the bow of a sunken freighter. 174 00:17:28,003 --> 00:17:32,188 The river is deep enough to swallow a ship without trace. 175 00:17:36,209 --> 00:17:40,522 The slightest mistake, and the robot will be lost forever. 176 00:17:46,081 --> 00:17:50,760 Steve follows the ROV's ombilical to find the way out. 177 00:17:54,908 --> 00:17:57,530 But runs into another obstruction. 178 00:17:57,896 --> 00:17:59,111 Stop. Stop. 179 00:18:00,591 --> 00:18:03,863 It looks like I've managed to get 20 meters up 180 00:18:03,899 --> 00:18:08,925 out of the shipwreck, but now we're probably stuck 181 00:18:11,017 --> 00:18:15,979 In these currents, it will take all Steve's skill to retrieve the robot. 182 00:18:22,870 --> 00:18:24,862 Ok, I think we're free now. 183 00:18:29,860 --> 00:18:35,178 The team's deep water quest has been saved... but only just. 184 00:18:39,482 --> 00:18:42,525 One hour later, they're ready to go again. 185 00:18:42,771 --> 00:18:47,176 Fresh bait is secured, and quality tested. 186 00:18:48,034 --> 00:18:50,090 The have only 2 nights left, 187 00:18:50,163 --> 00:18:53,416 and storms could shut them down at any time. 188 00:18:58,157 --> 00:19:01,264 The boat has been moved to avoid the wreck. 189 00:19:03,594 --> 00:19:06,710 They must quicly launch into the abyss again. 190 00:19:09,278 --> 00:19:13,253 The robot is primed for its deepest dive yet. 191 00:19:19,101 --> 00:19:24,950 It's descending smoothly, dropping down towards the river floor, far below. 192 00:19:28,842 --> 00:19:33,329 No camera has ever pried this deep into the Amazon before. 193 00:19:33,411 --> 00:19:39,579 This is in a river ! This is in the middle of the Rio Negro ! 250 feet. Unbelivable. 194 00:19:39,735 --> 00:19:43,555 To increase the chance of attracting fish in the greatest depths, 195 00:19:43,701 --> 00:19:46,826 they have switched to a low-light camera. 196 00:19:49,647 --> 00:19:52,946 Now all they can do is wait. 197 00:19:57,972 --> 00:20:00,659 For 5 hours, nothing. 198 00:20:00,959 --> 00:20:06,506 Then, suddenly, from the darkness, the ghostly images of candiru azul appeared. 199 00:20:06,652 --> 00:20:11,467 This is the first time anyone sees images of fish at 85 meters deep. 200 00:20:13,020 --> 00:20:16,100 There is life in the abyss after all. 201 00:20:32,311 --> 00:20:36,305 When did you know that candiru will eating and feeding at 85 meters ? 202 00:20:36,396 --> 00:20:41,166 No, I didn't expect that life below 30 meters will be that rich. 203 00:20:43,843 --> 00:20:48,813 A relative of the candiru azul, but larger, and even more voracious. 204 00:20:48,859 --> 00:20:54,123 That did not looked like the same ones we've been seeing. That's a different candiru azul. 205 00:20:57,394 --> 00:21:01,342 That's really different. The little ones are gone. 206 00:21:01,598 --> 00:21:06,194 It's a beautiful fish, it's silvery, it has a long dorsal fin 207 00:21:08,396 --> 00:21:12,938 There it is again-- Comes, grabs a big chink of flesh, and swims away. 208 00:21:13,111 --> 00:21:16,666 It doesn't staying around and trying to grab it-- 209 00:21:16,821 --> 00:21:19,087 That is great 210 00:21:19,114 --> 00:21:21,627 Wow, there's two of them 211 00:21:21,691 --> 00:21:22,495 --takes it and goes. 212 00:21:22,550 --> 00:21:29,677 What is really surprising me is just how fast all these fish we've seen are moving at these depths. 213 00:21:36,937 --> 00:21:40,500 They've revealed that the abyss swarms with life. 214 00:21:42,108 --> 00:21:45,873 Scavengers waiting for anything the river brings them. 215 00:21:50,048 --> 00:21:53,502 These images are something really original. 216 00:21:58,746 --> 00:22:01,478 It's the expedition's final day. 217 00:22:02,392 --> 00:22:06,724 To get better pictures, the team decide to risk sending in the divers 218 00:22:06,779 --> 00:22:09,319 with their high-tech cameras. 219 00:22:10,634 --> 00:22:13,805 They're on the very edge of the abyss. 220 00:22:21,682 --> 00:22:24,597 There's a narrow shelf within diving reach. 221 00:22:24,679 --> 00:22:27,485 But is it in the candiru azul territory ? 222 00:22:28,709 --> 00:22:33,342 No one has gone face to face with these voracious scavengers before. 223 00:22:33,461 --> 00:22:37,601 The divers are preparing for an encounter that could be dangerous. 224 00:22:37,774 --> 00:22:41,529 One bite, and you start bleeding quite profusely, 225 00:22:41,694 --> 00:22:47,067 that could attract the others, and before you know, you got a situation on your hands, and you got to get out of the water quick. 226 00:22:54,331 --> 00:23:00,088 If the bait attracts candiru azul, once in the water, there will be no going back. 227 00:23:39,865 --> 00:23:42,406 Thunderstorms threaten nearby 228 00:23:42,579 --> 00:23:46,024 If they come much closer, they may have to abort the dive. 229 00:23:52,455 --> 00:23:56,183 After 40 minutes, there are still no candiru azul. 230 00:24:01,703 --> 00:24:04,280 Is it to shallow after all ? 231 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:18,562 They're unbelivably energetic 232 00:24:18,599 --> 00:24:24,913 It's allmost like they figure : This meal isn't gonna last long, I better take it while I can. 233 00:24:26,207 --> 00:24:30,986 Nearly blind, candiru azul tracks its prey by scent. 234 00:24:31,132 --> 00:24:36,094 It's treamline body allows it to rife (???) , gourging inside its victim. 235 00:25:04,148 --> 00:25:07,035 So, are they eating from the inside out ? 236 00:25:07,126 --> 00:25:13,541 It looks like maggots. Yes I would say they are eating it from the inside out. 237 00:25:13,961 --> 00:25:17,415 Oh my god, they're going after my stomach now. 238 00:25:17,570 --> 00:25:21,097 They're getting too close for comfort now. 239 00:25:21,463 --> 00:25:27,658 Perhaps only their wetsuits are saving the divers in waters infested with candiru azul. 240 00:25:30,509 --> 00:25:33,735 Although the reputation of the piranha is legendary, 241 00:25:33,853 --> 00:25:38,203 could it be that these are the true monsters of the Amazon ? 242 00:25:38,285 --> 00:25:42,378 I'm just glad that these are just scavengers, and not predators, 243 00:25:42,433 --> 00:25:48,994 because I can't imagine that piranha are any more aggesive than the candiru. 244 00:25:53,691 --> 00:25:57,903 The weather topside is deteriorating fast. 245 00:25:58,041 --> 00:26:01,166 i'm gonna leave now, and I'm gonna go back up 246 00:26:01,339 --> 00:26:04,967 This is been quite an experience, and I want to remain a good one. 247 00:26:05,178 --> 00:26:10,076 Ok, Mike, we will see you on the surface, everyone here is standing by... 248 00:26:23,700 --> 00:26:28,132 Holy cow, if I had known about that when I first came here 249 00:26:28,195 --> 00:26:30,781 I would have worn chain mail every day. 250 00:26:39,149 --> 00:26:43,462 It was quite dramatic, and I've done many dives all over the world 251 00:26:43,974 --> 00:26:47,528 and I think that has to go down as the most disturbing. 252 00:26:48,122 --> 00:26:51,019 They have good reason for their concerns. 253 00:26:51,111 --> 00:26:54,309 Candiru azul are tenacious to the extreme. 254 00:26:56,192 --> 00:27:00,751 They continue to devour the bait, even when it's back above the water. 255 00:27:06,005 --> 00:27:08,555 The expedition is nearly over. 256 00:27:09,039 --> 00:27:15,033 In 5 short weeks, the 50 team members have voyaged 3000 kilometers. 257 00:27:17,218 --> 00:27:22,609 They've experienced the incredible variety of Amazon's wildlife first hand. 258 00:27:33,591 --> 00:27:38,096 Over 100 species have been filmed, many for the first time 259 00:27:45,502 --> 00:27:49,367 They've discovered fish completely new to science. 260 00:27:49,833 --> 00:27:53,387 But all this is only scratching the surface. 261 00:27:53,588 --> 00:27:59,025 There are thought to be another 2000 species still to be recorded. 262 00:28:01,456 --> 00:28:04,116 In this eerie world of the strange 263 00:28:04,180 --> 00:28:08,675 who knows what extraordinary creatures may yet be found.