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制造的原理
============
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============
听译&时间轴：样子@纪录片之家

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在本集“制造的原理”中

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二氧化碳储气瓶

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在高压下有很好的推进效果

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蝴蝶饼

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故事有各种转折

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剪叉升降机

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将工人带到新高度

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还有滑冰场

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冰场里的冰是怎么来的？

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彩弹射击这类体育活动

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能让人舒缓压力

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而这里释放的压力可不止一种

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从储气瓶释放二氧化碳的力量

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使得子弹飞射到目标

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储气瓶还在开发新的用途

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比如给受损车胎和救生筏充气

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小小储气瓶能产生很大冲力

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这一个能击发很多枪

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要生产储气瓶

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就要展开钢板并且拉直

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然后用冲床压下

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力量达到110吨

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将钢板切成盘片

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同时有机器从下面升起

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将盘片变成杯状

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钢杯沿着一条振动的轨道下移

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被送到一系列圆柱型冲压机处

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一个直径比一个小

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每次冲压

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让钢杯变窄变长

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同时有喷嘴喷注润滑液

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这一过程叫做再拉拔

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在这些结束时

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钢杯已经变成试管形状

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仅几分钟内

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那片钢材已经进行了几次变形

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为了继续让钢管变形

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人们让它们落入一个线圈

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强度很大的磁场

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让金属里的分子运动加剧

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使其温度大幅度上升

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这个机器叫做瓶颈机

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在它旋转时

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它把钢管带到一系列金属模处

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瓶口在那里被掐紧

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每次掐紧

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瓶口都会变得更小

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这就形成了瓶颈

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随着瓶颈的直径变小

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钢管渐渐变成瓶状

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然后每个钢瓶被放到车床上

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用刀具将其颈部削短

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然后再削出唇口部

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就跟饮料瓶上的瓶口一样

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然后储气瓶被送到清洗站

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用肥皂和水清洗掉润滑液

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从煤气喷灯上方经过时被干燥

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然后就到了充气站

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这里有盛满二氧化碳的气瓶

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有喷嘴向内注入液态二氧化碳

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然后为其封口

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在这些储气瓶内

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气态的二氧化碳的压力很大

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从枪里释放一点点

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就够BB弹、弹丸和彩弹射击用了

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它们要经过检验

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保证储气瓶被严格密封

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接着来到下一站

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它们会被打扮得光鲜崭新

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储气瓶被放进这个旋转的鼓内

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它是通电的

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能将锌吸附到储气瓶上

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光滑的锌层不仅让它看着漂亮

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上面也更容易压上信息

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在这个旋转式自动压印机处

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品牌名称和注意事项

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被印到储气瓶的外面

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在紫外线下迅速通过

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就已让墨迹变干

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现在的二氧化碳储气瓶已就绪

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能展示高压的力量

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制造的原理
============
记录片之家倾情奉献
http://www.jlpzj.net/
本字幕仅供学习交流，严禁用于商业用途
============
听译&时间轴：样子@纪录片之家

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蝴蝶饼最早是何时如何出现的？

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答案要看你问谁

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一个故事讲到这是

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一名修士奖励给虔心的孩子们的

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如今的烘焙坊仍将面团

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弯成祈祷时手臂交叉的形状

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不过他们做的快得多

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给更多零食客带来美味的祝福

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虽然硬质蝴蝶脆饼更普遍

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但这家公司的软质产品更传统

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要和出够4870个蝴蝶饼的面团

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工人先要在一个巨大的和面机里

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加入起酥油、盐和糖

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机器自动加入酵母

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玉米糖浆

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6200升冷水

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和345公斤面粉

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冷水能让面团更有弹性

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这样工人能在它变硬前进行造型

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之后工人打开和面机

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让轮叶减速

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好让面团落下

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他把一大堆面团滑到桌上

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然后分成块放进贮料器里

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贮料器将面团挤过管道

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刃片切下60克的小面团

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用来做小蝴蝶饼

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或切下160克面团做大蝴蝶饼

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两个传输带

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将面团滚压成40厘米长的面棒

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这被叫做“面条”

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另一个机器现在抓住面条两端

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然后把它们相互盘绕

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形成蝴蝶饼标志性的三个孔

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为了防止蝴蝶结松开

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金属片轻轻翻转让蝴蝶饼落到

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下面的另一个金属片上

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这个金属片再小心地把面制品

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翻到一个36米长的传输带上

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生的蝴蝶饼

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之后在带上面传输14分钟

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这是面团发酵所需要的时间

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接下来

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它们经过喷洒的氢氧化钠溶液

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溶液被加热到摄氏82度

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这样能锁住水分

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蝴蝶饼吃的时候能更有嚼头

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它们进入一个烤箱

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其长度相当于公共汽车

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进入之时

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火焰炙烤使其外部变硬

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这样防止在烘焙时

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蝴蝶饼的底部粘到传输带上

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这样在摄氏293度下

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大约三分钟半后

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蝴蝶饼变得滚热金黄

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它们落到一个长长的传输带上

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在到下个工作站前慢慢冷却

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它们要穿过的冰箱

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比三个奥运标准泳池之和都长

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在摄氏零下28度

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旅行了30分钟后

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蝴蝶饼变得岩石般坚硬

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已经可以进行包装了

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不过摄像头先要进行扫描

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这样电脑可以跟踪每个蝴蝶饼

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并指挥机械手将其拾起

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这条生产线上

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有五个这样的机械手

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机械手平均每秒处理一个蝴蝶饼

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互相协作直到传输带上空空如也

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之后蝴蝶饼从一个滑门落下

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落到一条传输带上

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把它们送到下一站

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那里有机器将餐用盐袋投下

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落入每六个组的蝴蝶饼里

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一个机械臂轻推蝴蝶饼

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给盐袋留出空间

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有了盐袋就能按传统方式

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在为蝴蝶饼加热前

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给它们进行调味了

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机器用压缩空气吹开塑料袋

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机械臂将蝴蝶饼和盐袋推内

167
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再由机械臂将整袋推入纸盒

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这个包装上的印刷内容

169
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有公司的标识

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营养成分

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生产日期

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和加热指示

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所以下次要想找点咸的零食

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不用再满心纠结

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来个蝴蝶结就好

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制造的原理
============
记录片之家倾情奉献
http://www.jlpzj.net/
本字幕仅供学习交流，严禁用于商业用途
============
听译&时间轴：样子@纪录片之家

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剪叉升降机

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是可移动的升降作业平台

179
00:11:07,243 --> 00:11:08,480
其升降机制

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00:11:08,481 --> 00:11:10,988
包括中间像剪刀一样的折叠臂

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它也因此得名

182
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剪叉升降机很常见

183
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被用于建筑工地

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大型仓库

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还有工人需要安全到达高处

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进行装卸或维护工作的建筑里

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剪叉升降机的金属臂数量各异

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取决于各种型号的高度

189
00:11:33,475 --> 00:11:35,460
工厂用金属管

190
00:11:35,502 --> 00:11:37,044
制造其剪式臂

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第一步是根据要生产的型号

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按一定长度将其切割

193
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工人用喷气枪

194
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吹走切割过程中

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留下的金属碎屑

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金属臂进入冲压机

197
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被打出一个孔好放入空心钢管

198
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叫做套筒

199
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套筒是用来放置销轴

200
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来连接金属臂

201
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还得使它们都能像剪刀一样旋转

202
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现在工人用电磁吊车

203
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把金属臂移到焊接区

204
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工人把套筒插进孔里

205
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然后将其焊牢

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每个金属臂末端都有这个零件

207
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不过先要焊上另一个套筒

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00:12:29,821 --> 00:12:31,140
部件现在已经安装好

209
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这个叫做剪叉结构止口端

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它被装到金属臂的一端

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而在另一端则安装一个承口端

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机器人将两端同时焊到金属臂上

213
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然后是中间的套筒

214
00:13:00,820 --> 00:13:02,987
现在工人要固定金属臂

215
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在每个中间的套筒里放进销轴

216
00:13:05,376 --> 00:13:07,904
他们还要安装液压缸

217
00:13:07,917 --> 00:13:10,137
用来让剪叉结构升或降

218
00:13:11,751 --> 00:13:14,347
这个多支管让液压升降起作用

219
00:13:14,362 --> 00:13:17,209
它可以升高或降低液压压力

220
00:13:25,528 --> 00:13:28,209
工人把金属臂用销轴

221
00:13:28,223 --> 00:13:30,062
一个个连在一起

222
00:13:31,417 --> 00:13:34,875
他们用开口销锁定销轴

223
00:13:35,764 --> 00:13:36,554
同时

224
00:13:36,639 --> 00:13:39,208
其他工人在组装升降机基座

225
00:13:39,306 --> 00:13:41,528
这个阶段它还是底朝天放置着

226
00:13:42,792 --> 00:13:43,638
在后面

227
00:13:43,639 --> 00:13:45,902
工人用螺栓固定液压发动机

228
00:13:46,028 --> 00:13:47,871
液压带动发动机

229
00:13:47,893 --> 00:13:49,985
使之能够带动升降机

230
00:13:49,986 --> 00:13:51,353
前进或后退

231
00:13:52,528 --> 00:13:54,195
他们在轮轴上装上轮子

232
00:13:54,250 --> 00:13:55,611
并用螺栓固定好

233
00:14:03,278 --> 00:14:05,923
这是前轮所在的轮轴

234
00:14:06,028 --> 00:14:07,278
这是用销轴固定

235
00:14:07,333 --> 00:14:08,680
用开口销锁定

236
00:14:09,389 --> 00:14:11,805
他们装上液压导向缸

237
00:14:12,986 --> 00:14:14,374
这个连接杆

238
00:14:14,375 --> 00:14:16,083
将前轮连在一起

239
00:14:16,111 --> 00:14:17,472
使其同时转动

240
00:14:19,444 --> 00:14:22,083
现在工人要连上液压管

241
00:14:24,958 --> 00:14:26,374
在里面泵入一些油脂

242
00:14:26,444 --> 00:14:27,819
给液压缸润滑

243
00:14:32,277 --> 00:14:35,135
接下来要组装安装液压托盘

244
00:14:35,277 --> 00:14:36,721
上面有电子面板

245
00:14:36,722 --> 00:14:38,596
能完成所有机械功能

246
00:14:38,597 --> 00:14:40,763
也包括液压容器和泵

247
00:14:41,069 --> 00:14:43,902
泵使得液压液进入轮发动机

248
00:14:43,930 --> 00:14:46,249
转向液压缸和升降液压缸

249
00:14:46,860 --> 00:14:49,276
液压托盘转入基座

250
00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:50,388
防止受损

251
00:14:50,930 --> 00:14:53,569
在另一侧安装的是电池托盘

252
00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:55,610
里面有三组6伏电池

253
00:14:55,624 --> 00:14:56,833
为升降机供电

254
00:14:56,860 --> 00:14:58,360
同样还有充电器

255
00:14:59,041 --> 00:15:01,554
剪叉结构目前在喷涂间

256
00:15:01,555 --> 00:15:02,846
先喷一层底漆

257
00:15:02,874 --> 00:15:04,762
然后是一层防锈涂料

258
00:15:04,888 --> 00:15:07,110
这一层能防止金属臂生锈

259
00:15:07,693 --> 00:15:09,582
在烤箱中将涂料烘干后

260
00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:12,227
工人们将剪叉结构装上基座

261
00:15:12,957 --> 00:15:15,985
现在他们将升降液压缸和泵

262
00:15:15,999 --> 00:15:17,152
用管连接起来

263
00:15:17,499 --> 00:15:18,470
通过一个管

264
00:15:18,499 --> 00:15:21,165
液压液流入液压缸升起升降机

265
00:15:21,201 --> 00:15:22,152
通过另一个

266
00:15:22,165 --> 00:15:24,527
液体流出并降下升降机

267
00:15:25,985 --> 00:15:27,985
他们把电线接到电子面板上

268
00:15:28,012 --> 00:15:29,470
越过剪叉结构

269
00:15:29,929 --> 00:15:31,150
在用涂好涂料的钢材

270
00:15:31,151 --> 00:15:32,707
做好作业平台后

271
00:15:32,860 --> 00:15:33,873
他们把电线

272
00:15:33,874 --> 00:15:36,110
连到作业护栏的控制盒上

273
00:15:36,318 --> 00:15:40,734
这样就能在作业平台上进行操作

274
00:15:44,804 --> 00:15:46,082
在测试操作后

275
00:15:46,123 --> 00:15:48,164
就到粘贴标签的时候了

276
00:15:48,276 --> 00:15:49,650
不同型号各不相同

277
00:15:49,693 --> 00:15:51,387
可能要贴多达75个

278
00:15:52,512 --> 00:15:53,915
有些是装饰性的

279
00:15:53,943 --> 00:15:56,844
不过多数都标明安全事项

280
00:15:56,901 --> 00:15:59,776
比如升降机的载荷能力

281
00:16:06,081 --> 00:16:08,095
制造的原理
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听译&时间轴：样子@纪录片之家

282
00:16:08,956 --> 00:16:11,302
NHL联盟规定的滑冰场

283
00:16:11,303 --> 00:16:12,522
长度为61米

284
00:16:12,523 --> 00:16:13,902
宽度为26米

285
00:16:14,178 --> 00:16:15,858
滑冰场是基础设施

286
00:16:15,901 --> 00:16:17,748
不过浇冰则是艺术

287
00:16:17,942 --> 00:16:19,984
冰的厚度必须刚刚好

288
00:16:20,053 --> 00:16:21,302
要是冰太厚

289
00:16:21,303 --> 00:16:23,011
就会影响制冷系统

290
00:16:23,012 --> 00:16:24,057
冰面会变软

291
00:16:24,248 --> 00:16:25,668
要是冰太薄

292
00:16:25,736 --> 00:16:27,928
冰刀就会将其直接划穿

293
00:16:31,512 --> 00:16:33,956
冰场地板是水泥平板

294
00:16:36,650 --> 00:16:37,706
用冰覆盖

295
00:16:37,761 --> 00:16:39,872
从体育场的制冷室开始

296
00:16:41,345 --> 00:16:42,933
那里有一台大功率压缩机

297
00:16:42,954 --> 00:16:44,539
将制冷液泵入

298
00:16:44,567 --> 00:16:46,316
冰场地板下的管道

299
00:16:46,414 --> 00:16:48,886
制冷液一般是甲醇或乙二醇

300
00:16:49,775 --> 00:16:52,448
水泥被降到摄氏零下7.7度

301
00:16:52,469 --> 00:16:54,330
到摄氏零下9度之间

302
00:16:54,442 --> 00:16:57,655
要满足让水泥上的水结冰

303
00:17:03,803 --> 00:17:06,107
这家公司自己制作浇冰车

304
00:17:06,108 --> 00:17:08,525
有一个冰面修整器

305
00:17:09,150 --> 00:17:10,622
车上有水箱

306
00:17:10,664 --> 00:17:11,996
给20个喷头供水

307
00:17:11,997 --> 00:17:14,169
它们覆盖宽度为4米

308
00:17:16,441 --> 00:17:18,400
水在几秒内就冻成了冰

309
00:17:19,955 --> 00:17:21,732
为了让冰面合格

310
00:17:21,775 --> 00:17:23,886
冰需要分层构建

311
00:17:23,927 --> 00:17:25,775
每层厚度为2厘米

312
00:17:26,066 --> 00:17:27,335
浇冰标准路线是

313
00:17:27,336 --> 00:17:29,288
从外到内的椭圆形

314
00:17:29,316 --> 00:17:31,455
完成每层只需要8分钟

315
00:17:35,316 --> 00:17:36,801
完成两层之后

316
00:17:36,885 --> 00:17:38,580
要把冰面染白

317
00:17:38,663 --> 00:17:39,938
人们往往觉得

318
00:17:39,939 --> 00:17:41,689
在水泥上刷漆更容易

319
00:17:41,774 --> 00:17:44,016
不过赛季末除冰之后

320
00:17:44,017 --> 00:17:45,246
油漆会脱落

321
00:17:45,552 --> 00:17:48,510
在重刷之前还要清理水泥板

322
00:17:48,524 --> 00:17:50,816
这活儿又麻烦又贵

323
00:17:54,816 --> 00:17:55,885
所以要用新法子

324
00:17:55,899 --> 00:17:57,620
制冰员在车上水箱里

325
00:17:57,621 --> 00:17:59,843
把油漆粉混到水里

326
00:17:59,996 --> 00:18:02,524
在冰面上喷上3层

327
00:18:02,802 --> 00:18:04,606
这些油漆不会干

328
00:18:04,607 --> 00:18:06,926
而是和之前喷洒的水一样

329
00:18:06,968 --> 00:18:09,621
会冻成白色的冰

330
00:18:19,079 --> 00:18:20,828
这种氧化金属漆

331
00:18:20,829 --> 00:18:23,232
是专为滑冰场设计的

332
00:18:23,274 --> 00:18:25,571
能够附着在冰面之上

333
00:18:26,468 --> 00:18:28,301
而且不同于刷在水泥上的漆

334
00:18:28,315 --> 00:18:30,968
它无毒而且可以生物降解

335
00:18:31,121 --> 00:18:32,447
在赛季末

336
00:18:32,579 --> 00:18:34,009
体育馆可以将冰融化

337
00:18:34,065 --> 00:18:37,454
将水排出而不会污染环境

338
00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:45,494
现在进来一组人员

339
00:18:45,495 --> 00:18:47,414
要刷上冰球场地标识

340
00:18:47,626 --> 00:18:50,468
工人在刷标志线的地方拉上线

341
00:18:50,495 --> 00:18:52,412
有红线、蓝线和金线

342
00:19:00,106 --> 00:19:01,966
他们把交叉的线抬起

343
00:19:01,967 --> 00:19:03,626
这样刷子能够通过

344
00:19:04,912 --> 00:19:06,926
刷涂开球环时

345
00:19:06,995 --> 00:19:09,045
工人用一个固定端、线

346
00:19:09,066 --> 00:19:10,827
还有一个放刷子的器具

347
00:19:11,606 --> 00:19:14,240
要刷完只需要20分钟左右

348
00:19:15,481 --> 00:19:17,518
油漆就在便携的桶里

349
00:19:17,606 --> 00:19:19,563
沿着管流到刷子上方的

350
00:19:19,689 --> 00:19:21,661
长方体容器里

351
00:19:39,995 --> 00:19:42,200
现在要刷球门区了

352
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:44,800
先按模板描好边

353
00:19:46,328 --> 00:19:49,661
然后涂上游泳池的那种蓝色

354
00:19:50,026 --> 00:19:51,383
他们用同样方法

355
00:19:51,397 --> 00:19:54,132
涂上8个开球点

356
00:19:55,453 --> 00:19:56,967
回到蓝线

357
00:19:57,286 --> 00:20:00,217
他们先喷水冻住绳线

358
00:20:03,244 --> 00:20:04,646
然后用刷子

359
00:20:04,716 --> 00:20:07,564
就是画圈是用的那种

360
00:20:07,577 --> 00:20:11,001
他们涂满绳线间的30厘米空间

361
00:20:12,452 --> 00:20:15,438
现在是场地中间的主场标志了

362
00:20:15,688 --> 00:20:18,036
他们把拖布蘸进蓝漆桶里

363
00:20:18,161 --> 00:20:21,546
在计算机做的标志图上涂抹

364
00:20:22,022 --> 00:20:24,730
这样能让轮廓印到冰面

365
00:20:28,521 --> 00:20:30,341
之后在轮廓上喷水

366
00:20:30,383 --> 00:20:31,770
把它们冻住

367
00:20:31,841 --> 00:20:33,396
然后画上标志

368
00:20:43,563 --> 00:20:45,326
最后用花园用的水管

369
00:20:45,355 --> 00:20:47,368
在所有标志上喷上水

370
00:20:47,396 --> 00:20:48,673
把油漆冻住

371
00:20:48,868 --> 00:20:51,256
之后他们用更大的水管放水

372
00:20:51,257 --> 00:20:52,688
大概要用一天半

373
00:20:52,855 --> 00:20:55,618
这就增加了大概3厘米冰面

374
00:20:56,146 --> 00:20:57,799
现在可以滑冰的冰面

375
00:20:57,827 --> 00:20:59,827
厚度大约有4厘米

376
00:20:59,854 --> 00:21:02,799
容纳的水量大约五万升水

377
00:21:02,882 --> 00:21:05,702
大约300个浴盆那么多

378
00:21:13,715 --> 00:21:15,686
对节目如有评价

379
00:21:15,771 --> 00:21:18,286
或想建议未来节目内容

380
00:21:18,437 --> 00:21:19,289
给我们写两句

381
00:21:19,368 --> 00:21:23,312
这是我们的网址