1
00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:37,440
All life is driven by the need to breed.
所有的生命都是由繁殖的需要驱动的

2
00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:41,080
Though,for a few,
不过 对于一些人来说

3
00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:44,880
the odds of doing so are overwhelmingly against them.
这样做的可能性是压倒性的

4
00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:51,280
The deep ocean.
深海

5
00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:56,560
The largest and least-populated habitat on Earth.
地球上最大、人口最少的栖息地

6
00:00:58,320 --> 00:01:02,280
Those that live here appear to come from another world .
住在这里的人似乎来自另一个世界

7
00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:25,120
and much of their lives are spent alone in the blackness.
他们的大部分生命都是在黑暗中度过的

8
00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:31,080
So finding any potential partner is hard,
所以很难找到任何潜在的合作伙伴

9
00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:34,440
and getting the timing right is even harder.
而要把握好时机就更难了

10
00:01:42,840 --> 00:01:45,600
Such an extreme game of chance
如此极端的机会游戏

11
00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:49,200
has led to one of the most bizarre strategies of all.
导致了所有策略中最奇怪的策略之一

12
00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:03,600
A fanfin anglerfish.
扇鳍琵琶鱼

13
00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:10,560
On her belly,she has what seems to be an odd-looking fin.
在她的腹部 她有一个看起来很奇怪的鳍

14
00:02:13,880 --> 00:02:18,800
It is,in fact,a tiny parasitic male anglerfish.
事实上 它是一种微小的寄生雄性琵琶鱼

15
00:02:21,680 --> 00:02:22,840
When he met her,
当他遇到她时

16
00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:25,560
it was his once-in-a-lifetime opportunity
这是他一生难得的机会

17
00:02:25,560 --> 00:02:26,920
to secure a mate.
寻找配偶

18
00:02:30,200 --> 00:02:31,880
So he bit into her.
所以他咬了她一口

19
00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:35,160
His blood system fused with hers.
他的血液系统与她的血液系统融合

20
00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:42,600
Now he is entirely dependent on her.
现在他完全依赖她了

21
00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:48,800
So much so,that when she dies,he will die,too.
她死了 他也会死

22
00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:57,840
Until then,his sole function in life is to fertilise her eggs.
在那之前 他生命中唯一的功能就是让她的卵子受精

23
00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:02,560
This extreme commitment
这种极端的承诺

24
00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:04,920
ensures that both can succeed
确保两者都能成功

25
00:03:04,920 --> 00:03:08,400
in their bizarre version of the mating game.
在他们奇怪的交配游戏中

26
00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,040
Most creatures that play the mating game
大多数玩交配游戏的生物

27
00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:32,840
must solve major problems if they are to succeed.
如果他们要成功 就必须解决重大问题

28
00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:36,840
But among these sand dunes in Russia,
但在俄罗斯的这些沙丘中

29
00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:40,680
where howling winds can transform an unstable landscape,
狂风可以改变不稳定的景观

30
00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:42,640
the challenge for one animal
一种动物的挑战

31
00:03:42,640 --> 00:03:44,320
is almost overwhelming.
几乎势不可挡

32
00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:51,080
A male toad-headed agama.
一只雄性蟾蜍 头为阿加玛

33
00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:57,440
He spends his entire life on this dune.
他一生都在这个沙丘上度过

34
00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:09,080
Once a year,he'll try to find a mate.
一年一次 他会试着找一个伴侣

35
00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:16,680
She would only be interested if he has a suitable burrow
只有他有一个合适的洞穴 她才会感兴趣

36
00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:18,400
in which she can lay her eggs.
她可以在里面产卵

37
00:04:22,120 --> 00:04:24,760
But in his world of shifting sands,
但在他的流沙世界里

38
00:04:24,760 --> 00:04:27,400
good burrows are hard to come by.
好的洞穴很难找到

39
00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:31,400
And when the wind is strong,
当风大的时候

40
00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:34,440
they can be lost in a matter of minutes.
它们可能会在几分钟内消失

41
00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:41,800
So he's keen to attract a female as quickly as he can.
所以他渴望尽快吸引一位女性

42
00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:50,920
And his black-tip tail is his way of doing so.
他的黑色尖尾就是这样做的

43
00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:55,720
He's been noticed.
他被注意到了

44
00:04:57,600 --> 00:05:00,200
Now he must entice her back to his burrow.
现在他必须引诱她回到他的洞穴

45
00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:15,520
Instead,she replies with an invitation of her own.
相反 她以自己的邀请回信

46
00:05:22,280 --> 00:05:25,640
He tries again - with more vigour.
他又试了一次——更有活力

47
00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:31,640
She still doesn't move.
她还是一动不动

48
00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:37,240
Turns out .
结果是

49
00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:39,760
she already has a burrow .
她已经有一个洞穴了

50
00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:43,040
and is not about to abandon such a valuable property.
也不会放弃这么宝贵的财产

51
00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:47,040
Which presents him with a dilemma.
这让他进退两难

52
00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:53,080
Accepting her invitation may mean he gets a mate,
接受她的邀请可能意味着他有了伴侣

53
00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:57,840
but leaving means he risks losing his burrow to a rival male.
但离开意味着他有可能把自己的洞穴丢给竞争对手

54
00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:04,480
What to do?
怎么办？

55
00:06:09,080 --> 00:06:11,320
Desire gets the better of him,
欲望战胜了他

56
00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:14,160
and he hotfoots it over to her place.
他把它搬到了她的地方

57
00:06:17,280 --> 00:06:19,320
But after a closer look .
但仔细观察之后

58
00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:25,200
she decides he's not for her.
她觉得他不适合她

59
00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:28,880
And while his back is turned .
当他转身的时候

60
00:06:30,120 --> 00:06:31,360
the worst has happened.
最坏的情况已经发生了

61
00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:36,480
A rival male has spotted his unguarded burrow.
一只雄性竞争对手发现了它没有守卫的洞穴

62
00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:41,600
But he won't give it up without a fight.
但他不会不战而退

63
00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:49,200
Each flanks the other
两旁

64
00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:51,280
and tries to make themselves look bigger.
努力让自己看起来更大

65
00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:07,240
The intruder is seen off .
入侵者被送走了

66
00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:11,880
but it's a hollow victory.
但这是一场空洞的胜利

67
00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:16,480
The wind picks up,and sand engulfs the contested burrow.
风越来越大 沙子吞没了有争议的洞穴

68
00:07:18,040 --> 00:07:20,120
As it disappears .
当它消失时

69
00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:22,640
so do his chances of success -
他的成功机会也是如此-

70
00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:26,240
until the wind dies down,and he can try again.
直到风停下来 他可以再试一次

71
00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:38,040
Territory may be important for some .
领土对某些人来说可能很重要

72
00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:42,680
but the need to find a mate is vital for all.
但寻找伴侣的需要对所有人来说都是至关重要的

73
00:07:45,480 --> 00:07:50,640
One solution is to devote a lifetime to just one partner.
一个解决办法是只为一个伴侣奉献一生

74
00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:54,840
But that only works when there are enough to go round.
但这只有在有足够的资金周转时才有效

75
00:07:58,840 --> 00:08:00,520
A Laysan albatross.
莱桑信天翁

76
00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:05,400
For over half the year,
半年多以来,

77
00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:08,480
she has scoured the vast Pacific alone,
她独自在辽阔的太平洋上搜寻

78
00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:09,680
searching for food.
寻找食物

79
00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:12,800
And now she is returning
现在她回来了

80
00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:15,280
to her breeding grounds in Hawaii.
去她在夏威夷的繁殖地

81
00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:20,400
Laysans pair for life.
一辈子一对

82
00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:25,520
Repeated displays cement their long-term relationship.
反复的展示巩固了他们的长期关系

83
00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:32,520
It takes two adults to raise just one chick .
两个成年人只养一只小鸡

84
00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:43,120
so a partner willing to share the burden of parenthood
所以一个愿意分担为人父母责任的伴侣

85
00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:46,040
is the difference between success and failure.
是成功与失败的区别

86
00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,160
But this female is on her own.
但这只雌性是靠她自己的

87
00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:57,560
She was seduced and then abandoned by an unfaithful male.
她被一个不忠的男人勾引后抛弃了

88
00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:04,600
Adulterous males play no further part
通奸的男性不再扮演更重要的角色

89
00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:07,360
in looking after their extramarital eggs.
照顾他们的婚外情

90
00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:15,080
She cannot raise her chick alone.
她不能独自抚养她的小鸡

91
00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:26,200
She must find a partner.
她必须找个搭档

92
00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:34,800
All the available males here are already taken .
这里所有可用的雄性都已经被带走了

93
00:09:36,520 --> 00:09:39,840
but she hasn't exhausted her options just yet.
但她还没有用尽她的选择

94
00:09:46,240 --> 00:09:48,440
A new arrival catches her eye.
一个新来的人引起了她的注意

95
00:09:57,720 --> 00:09:59,760
But she needs to discover
但她需要发现

96
00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:02,640
whether this is a partner she can rely on .
这是否是她可以信赖的伴侣

97
00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:08,200
and she does so by suggesting a dance.
她建议跳支舞

98
00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:22,960
They seem a perfect match.
他们看起来很般配

99
00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:33,960
But it's a match with a difference .
但这是一场不同的比赛

100
00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:37,560
because her dance partner .
因为她的舞伴

101
00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:39,520
is another female.
是另一位女性

102
00:10:50,680 --> 00:10:53,280
This duet confirms their commitment .
这个二重唱证实了他们的承诺

103
00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:56,120
to raising a chick together.
一起抚养一只小鸡

104
00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:12,600
Within a few days,
几天之内,

105
00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:15,200
she lays a single large egg.
她下了一个大蛋

106
00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:20,320
The effort drains her of energy.
这种努力耗尽了她的精力

107
00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:26,880
To recover,she must head back to sea to feed.
为了恢复健康 她必须返回大海去喂食

108
00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:38,760
And while she's away,she is totally reliant
当她不在的时候 她是完全依赖的

109
00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:42,120
on her new-found partner to incubate her egg.
在她新找到的伴侣身上孵蛋

110
00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:51,040
She must put all her trust in her if they are to succeed.
如果他们要成功 她必须完全信任她

111
00:11:57,960 --> 00:12:00,400
Three weeks later,she's back .
三周后 她回来了

112
00:12:00,400 --> 00:12:03,400
well fed,and ready to take her turn.
吃饱了 准备轮到她了

113
00:12:11,120 --> 00:12:13,080
But something is wrong.
但有点不对劲

114
00:12:16,040 --> 00:12:19,200
Her precious egg has been pushed out of the nest.
她的宝贝蛋已被推出巢外

115
00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:26,440
It seems she couldn't trust her partner,after all.
看来她毕竟不能信任她的伴侣

116
00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:33,120
Worse still .
更糟糕的是

117
00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:34,640
while she's been away .
当她不在的时候

118
00:12:36,960 --> 00:12:39,360
her partner has also laid an egg!
她的搭档也下了一个蛋！

119
00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:46,440
It turns out she,too,had mated
原来她也已经交配了

120
00:12:46,440 --> 00:12:48,840
before entering this relationship.
在进入这种关系之前

121
00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:53,800
But two eggs create a problem.
但是两个鸡蛋会产生问题

122
00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:57,120
They can only incubate one .
他们只能孵化一个

123
00:12:59,560 --> 00:13:02,680
because both must take turns to feed.
因为他们必须轮流喂食

124
00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:21,240
The urge to incubate her own egg is overwhelming.
想要孵化自己的卵子的冲动是压倒性的

125
00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:34,240
But the chick within
但是里面的小鸡

126
00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:36,800
has grown cold,and died.
已经变冷了 死了

127
00:13:49,320 --> 00:13:51,280
So she devotes herself
所以她献身于

128
00:13:51,280 --> 00:13:54,080
to the only egg left alive.
给唯一活着的蛋

129
00:13:55,400 --> 00:13:56,720
Her partner's.
她的搭档的

130
00:14:03,480 --> 00:14:05,000
Two months later .
两个月后

131
00:14:10,360 --> 00:14:12,320
Her decision pays off.
她的决定得到了回报

132
00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:23,520
She is not related to the chick .
她和那个小鸡没有亲戚关系

133
00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:27,640
but this seemingly selfless act
但这似乎是无私的行为

134
00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:30,080
is part of her long-term strategy.
这是她长期战略的一部分

135
00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:35,040
This female couple may be together
这对女性夫妇可能在一起

136
00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:37,240
for half a century or more,
半个多世纪以来,

137
00:14:37,240 --> 00:14:38,560
and will take turns
而且会轮流

138
00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:40,520
raising each other's chicks.
互相抚养小鸡

139
00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:48,960
Adulterous males will always take advantage when they can.
通奸的男性在可能的时候总会占便宜

140
00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:53,840
But by alternating whose egg is incubated .
但通过交替培养谁的卵子

141
00:14:55,680 --> 00:15:00,520
both these females have found a way to achieve lifetime success.
这两位女性都找到了一种获得终生成功的方法

142
00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:14,800
Long-term relationships can increase the chances of success,
长期关系可以增加成功的机会

143
00:15:14,800 --> 00:15:19,160
but some animals only get one opportunity to breed -
但是有些动物只有一次繁殖的机会-

144
00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:22,600
and that creates the highest-stakes game of all.
这创造了所有游戏中赌注最高的游戏

145
00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:27,520
In the Sonoran Desert,
在索诺兰沙漠

146
00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:30,200
the Earth is starting to move.
地球开始移动了

147
00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:37,720
A male digger bee.
雄性挖掘蜜蜂

148
00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:43,600
He's spent his entire life underground .
他一生都在地下度过

149
00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:47,520
waiting for this moment to arrive.
等待这一刻的到来

150
00:15:53,320 --> 00:15:55,160
It's the breeding season .
现在是繁殖季节

151
00:15:56,440 --> 00:15:59,280
and he's emerged with just one purpose.
他只有一个目的

152
00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:01,640
To find a mate.
找个伴侣

153
00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:06,240
This is his only opportunity to do so.
这是他这样做的唯一机会

154
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:10,240
Because,in a few days' time .
因为 几天后

155
00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:11,600
he will be dead.
他会死的

156
00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:18,520
To give him an edge,
给他一个优势

157
00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:22,240
his sense of smell is among the best of all bees.
他的嗅觉是所有蜜蜂中最好的

158
00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:30,360
The female he's looking for
他要找的那个女人

159
00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:33,960
is still buried beneath the desert sand.
仍然埋在沙漠的沙子下面

160
00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:38,680
Her intoxicating perfume seduces him .
她那令人陶醉的香水勾引了他

161
00:16:38,680 --> 00:16:40,680
even before she emerges .
甚至在她出现之前

162
00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:44,400
and it drives him crazy.
这让他发疯

163
00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:52,480
But a bigger rival is quick to displace him.
但一个更大的对手很快就会取代他

164
00:17:03,920 --> 00:17:06,840
The odds are stacking up against him.
他的胜算越来越大

165
00:17:10,040 --> 00:17:12,760
More males are arriving by the minute.
每分钟都有更多的雄性到达

166
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,200
Like him,each needs to mate .
像他一样 每个人都需要交配

167
00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:20,360
and they will die trying.
他们会死的

168
00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:24,920
If he is to succeed,
如果他想成功

169
00:17:24,920 --> 00:17:27,680
he must also do whatever it takes.
他也必须不惜一切代价

170
00:17:30,520 --> 00:17:33,880
Once again,he picks up the scent of a female .
他又一次闻到了一只雌性的气味

171
00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:46,080
and once again,
再一次

172
00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:48,080
his rivals aren't far behind.
他的对手紧随其后

173
00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:04,400
Just as he digs her out .
就在他把她挖出来的时候

174
00:18:04,400 --> 00:18:05,920
they pounce.
他们突然袭击

175
00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:20,040
As yet more join in,
还有更多的人加入进来

176
00:18:20,040 --> 00:18:23,280
he risks being trapped at the centre of the ball
他有被困在球中央的危险

177
00:18:23,280 --> 00:18:25,920
and cooked alive by their body heat.
用它们的体温活生生地煮熟

178
00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:39,000
No longer able to defend her
再也不能为她辩护了

179
00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:41,440
he flees.
他逃跑了

180
00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,480
He's forced away from the battleground -
他被迫离开战场-

181
00:18:46,480 --> 00:18:48,520
where there is little competition,
在几乎没有竞争的地方

182
00:18:48,520 --> 00:18:50,720
but far fewer females.
但女性要少得多

183
00:18:53,680 --> 00:18:56,320
He picks up a scent no-one else has.
他闻到了别人闻不到的气味

184
00:18:57,880 --> 00:18:59,800
This is his last chance.
这是他最后的机会

185
00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:05,560
They mate immediately,
它们立刻交配

186
00:19:05,560 --> 00:19:08,320
and he passes his sperm to her.
他把他的精子传给她

187
00:19:11,360 --> 00:19:14,120
But this is far from the end of his story.
但他的故事还远远没有结束

188
00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:22,440
As long as her perfume lingers,
只要她的香水还在

189
00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:25,280
rivals will be attracted to mate with her .
竞争对手将被吸引与她交配

190
00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:29,080
and he can't risk that happening.
他不能冒发生这种事的风险

191
00:19:32,160 --> 00:19:34,960
He's already inseminated her,
他已经给她授精了

192
00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:36,520
yet it is only now
但这只是现在

193
00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:38,520
that he starts to court her.
他开始追求她

194
00:19:41,080 --> 00:19:44,960
He must convince her she needs no other than him -
他必须说服她 她只需要他-

195
00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:48,640
and to do that,he seduces her
为了做到这一点 他勾引了她

196
00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:49,840
with a rasping call .
用刺耳的叫声

197
00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,800
and may anoint her with his own scent.
用他自己的气味来涂抹她

198
00:19:57,360 --> 00:20:01,560
Only when she shows no further interest in mating .
只有当她对交配不再感兴趣时

199
00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,160
and her heady perfume has gone .
她那令人陶醉的香水也不见了

200
00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:09,280
can he be sure that he is the only one
他能确定他是唯一一个吗

201
00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:10,920
she will ever breed with .
她将永远与

202
00:20:12,040 --> 00:20:13,480
and he releases her.
然后他释放了她

203
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,160
For both of them,
对他们两个来说,

204
00:20:19,160 --> 00:20:21,680
their mating game is over.
他们的交配游戏结束了

205
00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:26,200
She now devotes all her time
她现在把所有的时间都投入了

206
00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:28,520
to being a responsible mother -
做一个负责任的母亲-

207
00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:30,640
gathering pollen and nectar
采集花粉和花蜜

208
00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:32,720
for their offspring.
为了他们的后代

209
00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:34,920
As for her seductive partner?
至于她迷人的伴侣？

210
00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:39,400
He will pay no further part in their lives.
他不会在他们的生活中付出更多

211
00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:42,920
He's fathered the next generation
他是下一代的父亲

212
00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:45,600
and ensured no rival will replace him.
并确保没有对手会取代他

213
00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:50,400
Time .
时间

214
00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:51,640
to die.
去死

215
00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:00,560
Living long enough to mate
长寿到可以交配

216
00:21:00,560 --> 00:21:03,600
is a challenge faced by all animals.
这是所有动物都面临的挑战

217
00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:08,200
But one creature is forced to travel extraordinary distances
但有一种生物被迫走很远的路

218
00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:10,480
to have any chance of doing so.
有机会这样做

219
00:21:14,560 --> 00:21:17,000
North America,in late summer.
北美洲 夏末

220
00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:22,600
Beneath the leaf of a milkweed plant,
在马利筋植物的叶子下面

221
00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:24,560
a male monarch butterfly
雄帝王蝶

222
00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:27,400
is completing his final transformation.
正在完成他的最后转变

223
00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:44,200
As an adult,
作为一个成年人

224
00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:46,040
he's driven by a single goal .
他只有一个目标

225
00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:49,280
the need to mate.
需要交配

226
00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:54,040
But he cannot do so yet.
但他还不能这样做

227
00:21:55,240 --> 00:21:57,200
And he cannot do so here.
他不能在这里这样做

228
00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:03,680
His mating game is bound to the only plant
他的交配游戏注定是唯一的植物

229
00:22:03,680 --> 00:22:06,320
on which monarchs lay their eggs.
君主在上面产卵

230
00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:08,600
Milkweed.
马利筋

231
00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:12,920
Without it,monarchs cannot breed.
没有它 君主就无法繁衍后代

232
00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:17,160
But winter is coming.
但是冬天来了

233
00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:20,760
The milkweed here won't reappear until next summer,
这里的马利筋要到明年夏天才会出现

234
00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:23,840
and he cannot survive winter's extreme cold.
他无法在冬天的严寒中生存

235
00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:38,880
So he is forced to undertake one of the greatest migrations on Earth.
因此 他被迫进行地球上最伟大的迁徙之一

236
00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:48,360
Driven ever southwards,
不断向南行驶

237
00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:52,560
it's a gruelling journey of nearly 3,000 miles .
这是一次近3000英里的艰苦旅程

238
00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:04,720
and takes two months to complete.
需要两个月才能完成

239
00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:13,600
His destination is a small mountain hillside in Mexico.
他的目的地是墨西哥的一个小山坡

240
00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:30,680
Hundreds of millions of monarchs
数亿君主

241
00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:33,280
have made the same journey to this refuge.
我也到过这个避难所

242
00:23:35,040 --> 00:23:36,520
They are all here
他们都在这里

243
00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:40,080
because only this forest has exactly the right conditions
因为只有这片森林才有合适的条件

244
00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:42,120
for waiting out the winter.
为了等待冬天的到来

245
00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:47,600
Smaller males like him only just make it.
像他这样体型较小的雄性动物只能勉强生存

246
00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:55,280
All must rely on their remaining reserves of energy
所有这些国家都必须依靠剩余的能源储备

247
00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,920
to survive until next spring.
活到明年春天

248
00:24:02,560 --> 00:24:05,720
So for those that arrive already exhausted,
所以对于那些已经精疲力竭的人来说

249
00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:08,960
the odds of doing so are against them.
这样做的可能性对他们不利

250
00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:18,040
A winter storm spells disaster.
冬季风暴意味着灾难

251
00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:29,000
Those already on the edge do not make it.
那些已经处于边缘的人不会成功

252
00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:49,920
In spring,the sun's warmth brings the survivors
春天 阳光的温暖带给幸存者

253
00:24:49,920 --> 00:24:51,920
cascading back to life.
层叠而生

254
00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:54,560
And among them,the small male.
其中有一只小雄性

255
00:25:10,120 --> 00:25:12,760
All are now ready to breed.
它们现在都准备好繁殖了

256
00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:17,200
Many will head north in search of milkweed
许多人将向北寻找马利筋

257
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:19,320
that is starting to reappear.
这已经开始重现

258
00:25:21,560 --> 00:25:25,120
But not all are still capable of making that journey.
但并不是所有人都能完成这一旅程

259
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:32,760
The smaller male is almost spent .
体型较小的雄性几乎要花光了

260
00:25:36,520 --> 00:25:39,080
so,to have any chance of breeding,
所以 为了有繁殖的机会

261
00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:41,560
he resorts to a desperate strategy.
他采取了绝望的策略

262
00:25:45,840 --> 00:25:49,800
A drink gives him just enough for his final act.
一杯酒刚好够他做最后一幕

263
00:25:58,200 --> 00:26:00,760
Among those leaving their winter refuge,
在那些离开冬季避难所的人中

264
00:26:00,760 --> 00:26:04,520
he's looking for a large,healthy female.
他在找一个又大又健康的女人

265
00:26:04,520 --> 00:26:09,240
One with enough strength to survive longer than him
一个有足够力量比他活得更长的人

266
00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:12,040
and find the fresh milkweed.
找到新鲜的马利筋

267
00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:17,040
He's spotted her.
他发现了她

268
00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:38,240
Grabbing her,he clings on with all his remaining might
他抓住她 用尽余力紧紧抓住

269
00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:40,320
as he forces her to the ground.
他把她逼到地上

270
00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:55,240
Here,he mates.
在这里 他是朋友

271
00:26:56,440 --> 00:27:00,040
It's a violent act,born of desperation.
这是一种暴力行为 源于绝望

272
00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:07,000
But he has survived long enough to breed.
但他已经存活了足够长的时间来繁殖

273
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:11,720
And in doing that,
这样做

274
00:27:11,720 --> 00:27:14,080
he has beaten enormous odds.
他战胜了巨大的困难

275
00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:25,440
Grabbing any chance to mate may be the difference
抓住任何交配的机会可能是不同的

276
00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:28,720
between winning and losing the mating game.
在输赢交配游戏之间

277
00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:33,000
But sometimes,those that are defeated
但有时 那些被打败的人

278
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:36,040
still find a way to pass on their genes,
仍然在寻找一种方法来传递他们的基因

279
00:27:36,040 --> 00:27:39,400
despite the impossible odds stacked against them.
尽管他们面临着不可能的困难

280
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:44,680
It's spring in south Texas .
这是德克萨斯州南部的春天

281
00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:52,800
and wild turkeys are coming together
野生火鸡正在聚集在一起

282
00:27:52,800 --> 00:27:55,440
at their traditional breeding grounds.
在它们传统的繁殖地

283
00:28:07,840 --> 00:28:12,600
Each year,colourful adult males - known as toms -
每年都会有色彩斑斓的成年雄性——被称为汤姆-

284
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:15,080
compete for female attention.
争夺女性注意力

285
00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:19,760
Calling .lets them know they've arrived.
打电话 让他们知道他们已经到了

286
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:25,640
The toms have a strict pecking order.
汤姆一家有严格的啄食顺序

287
00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:28,320
And this male .
而这个男性

288
00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:31,600
is at the very bottom of it.
在它的最底层

289
00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:34,880
So is his brother.
他的兄弟也是

290
00:28:38,680 --> 00:28:39,960
And at the top .
在顶端

291
00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:43,000
their dominant brother.
他们占统治地位的兄弟

292
00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:45,920
As long as he is around,
只要他在身边

293
00:28:45,920 --> 00:28:48,160
the other two won't get a look in.
另外两个不会进去看一眼

294
00:28:49,760 --> 00:28:53,240
But that doesn't mean their mating game is over.
但这并不意味着他们的交配游戏结束了

295
00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:59,600
Instead,their strategy is to abandon their own desires,
相反 他们的策略是放弃自己的欲望

296
00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:02,520
and support their high-status sibling .
支持他们的高地位兄弟姐妹

297
00:29:04,120 --> 00:29:07,240
creating a formidable band of brothers.
创造了一个强大的兄弟乐队

298
00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:12,760
It's the females that choose who they mate with.
是雌性选择与谁交配

299
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,040
They're all looking for the best male,
他们都在寻找最好的男人

300
00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:21,040
and they assess them on the splendour of their display.
他们用他们的精彩表演来评价他们

301
00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:26,800
With enough flamboyance,
足够华丽

302
00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:30,440
the band of brothers can woo not just one female,
兄弟会不仅可以追求一位女性

303
00:29:30,440 --> 00:29:32,760
but all the hens here.
但是这里所有的母鸡

304
00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:36,320
And their chances are greatest
他们的机会最大

305
00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:38,480
when they display together.
当它们一起显示时

306
00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:46,080
With his two wingman by his side,
他的两个僚机在他身边

307
00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:49,440
the dominant tom is out to impress.
占主导地位的汤姆想要给人留下深刻印象

308
00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:02,600
But they aren't the only males that use teamwork.
但他们不是唯一使用团队合作的男性

309
00:30:05,280 --> 00:30:07,040
A rival band of toms.
敌对的汤姆乐队

310
00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:12,400
They,too,are looking to win over all the hens.
他们也希望能赢得所有的母鸡

311
00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:19,360
With so much at stake,
事关重大

312
00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:22,120
the band of brothers cannot give way.
兄弟会不能让步

313
00:30:32,760 --> 00:30:36,800
But it's not the dominant Tom who takes a lead.
但并不是占主导地位的汤姆领先

314
00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:42,720
It's his low-ranking brothers
是他的低级兄弟

315
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:45,080
that peel off to intercept them.
它会脱落去拦截它们

316
00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:56,400
As the feathers fly,
当羽毛飞舞时

317
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,640
the high-ranking brother takes full advantage.
高级别的兄弟充分利用了这一优势

318
00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:04,400
They try to keep their rivals at bay .
他们试图阻止他们的对手

319
00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:07,920
so their brother can get on with mating.
这样他们的兄弟就可以继续交配了

320
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:11,240
It's all for one .
这都是为了一个人

321
00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:14,320
and one for all.
一个给所有人

322
00:31:20,560 --> 00:31:22,840
Because each time he mates,
因为每次他交配

323
00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:25,800
he also passes on many of the genes
他还遗传了许多基因

324
00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:27,480
he shares with his brothers.
他和他的兄弟们分享

325
00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:34,640
So through the success of the dominant tom,
所以通过占主导地位的汤姆的成功

326
00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:38,000
the siblings at the bottom of the pecking order
处于啄食顺序最底层的兄弟姐妹

327
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,480
also succeed in the mating game .
在交配游戏中也成功了

328
00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:46,760
and all without ever mating themselves.
而且都没有交配过

329
00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,040
Waiting for the right moment to breed
等待合适的时机繁殖

330
00:31:55,040 --> 00:31:57,440
is vital in any mating strategy .
在任何交配策略中都是至关重要的

331
00:32:01,560 --> 00:32:04,040
and many choose to do so in spring,
许多人选择在春天这样做

332
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:06,320
when food is readily available.
当食物随时可用时

333
00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:14,640
But mating during this period poses a sizeable challenge .
但在这一时期交配是一个相当大的挑战

334
00:32:16,320 --> 00:32:19,440
especially if you ARE the menu.
特别是如果你在菜单上

335
00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:28,720
Periodical cicadas.
定期蝉

336
00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:31,280
About four centimetres long,
大约四厘米长

337
00:32:31,280 --> 00:32:33,520
they don't bite or sting.
它们不咬人也不刺人

338
00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:40,120
For many forest inhabitants,
对于许多森林居民来说

339
00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:42,280
that makes them the perfect meal.
这使他们成为完美的一餐

340
00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:49,840
Hundreds of cicadas perish before their mating game has even begun.
成百上千的蝉在交配游戏开始之前就已经死亡了

341
00:32:52,680 --> 00:32:55,440
But millions more do survive,
但还有数百万人活了下来

342
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:58,680
overwhelming the predators as they gather in the canopy.
当捕食者聚集在树冠上时 将其压倒

343
00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:04,640
Here,they form the greatest mating choir on Earth.
在这里 它们组成了地球上最伟大的交配合唱团

344
00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:09,800
Only the males sing.
只有雄性会唱歌

345
00:33:24,720 --> 00:33:27,880
A female is enticed by a male's call .
一只雌性被一只雄性的叫声吸引

346
00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:32,120
and responds .
并回答

347
00:33:32,120 --> 00:33:33,600
with a wing flick.
用翅膀轻弹

348
00:33:36,760 --> 00:33:39,360
Each one lets him know she's interested .
每个人都让他知道她对

349
00:33:40,480 --> 00:33:42,560
and draws him a little closer.
把他拉近一点

350
00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:51,600
As they meet,his serenade changes.
当他们相遇时 他的小夜曲变了

351
00:33:56,480 --> 00:33:58,240
If it's still to her liking,
如果她还喜欢的话

352
00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:00,120
he'll get the chance to mate.
他会有机会交配的

353
00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:04,480
But this is only part of the strangest
但这只是最奇怪的一部分

354
00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:06,720
and longest mating game of all.
最长的交配游戏

355
00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:15,360
Once she's mated,she bores into a tree
一旦交配 她就会在树上钻孔

356
00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:18,480
and lays up to 500 eggs
最多能产500个蛋

357
00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:25,440
Two months later .
两个月后

358
00:34:26,600 --> 00:34:29,320
newly hatched nymphs drop to the ground .
刚孵出的若虫掉到地上

359
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:34,480
bury themselves,
埋葬自己

360
00:34:34,480 --> 00:34:36,760
and attach to tree roots.
并附着在树根上

361
00:34:40,720 --> 00:34:45,120
These cicadas won't be seen again for 17 years.
这些蝉在17年内都不会再出现了

362
00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:54,480
This remarkable strategy ensures that,
这一卓越的战略确保

363
00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:56,800
when they do re-emerge to breed,
当它们重新出现繁殖时

364
00:34:56,800 --> 00:35:00,000
their predators have long given up waiting.
它们的捕食者早已放弃等待

365
00:35:08,560 --> 00:35:12,480
And what's more - they all emerge at the same time
更重要的是 它们同时出现

366
00:35:12,480 --> 00:35:16,840
to once again overwhelm any predators that are around.
再次制服周围的捕食者

367
00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:25,840
Their first instinct is to climb the nearest tree.
他们的第一反应是爬最近的树

368
00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:36,360
They cannot mate yet.
它们还不能交配

369
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:39,080
For that .
为此

370
00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:43,160
they must take their adult form.
他们必须采取成人的形式

371
00:36:11,880 --> 00:36:16,720
It takes time for soft white flesh to harden.
柔软的白色果肉需要时间才能变硬

372
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:22,840
Until then,the newly formed adult cicadas are especially vulnerable.
在此之前 新形成的成年蝉尤其脆弱

373
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:28,040
Though,for this brood,
但是 对于这一窝

374
00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:31,360
it isn't predators that they need to be most wary of.
它们最需要警惕的不是捕食者

375
00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:35,080
It's their own kind.
这是他们自己的类型

376
00:36:40,720 --> 00:36:43,000
In the 17 years they have lain hidden,
在17年的时间里 他们被隐藏起来

377
00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:45,960
the forest above them has been transformed.
他们上面的森林已经被改造了

378
00:36:48,880 --> 00:36:51,200
Many of the trees have been chopped down.
许多树被砍倒了

379
00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:56,960
As a consequence,tens of thousands of cicadas
因此 数万只蝉

380
00:36:56,960 --> 00:37:00,240
are forced to climb the few trees that remain.
被迫爬上剩下的几棵树

381
00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:07,680
In the crush,nymphs clamber over the emerging adults .
在拥挤的人群中 若虫爬上新生的成虫

382
00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:10,920
and puncture .
还有刺穿

383
00:37:12,720 --> 00:37:16,320
newly formed skin with their needle-sharp claws.
新形成的皮肤 有着针尖的爪子

384
00:37:22,080 --> 00:37:23,600
The wounds are fatal.
伤口是致命的

385
00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:31,120
Soon the trees are surrounded
很快树就被包围了

386
00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:33,880
by mountains of the dead and the dying.
在死者和垂死者的群山旁

387
00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:41,520
All have been prevented from mating by odds they could not overcome.
由于无法克服的困难 它们都被阻止交配

388
00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:48,000
Their failure to breed is a result of rapid changes in their habitat .
它们无法繁殖是栖息地迅速变化的结果

389
00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:53,880
caused by the one species that rivals any animal on Earth
由一种能与地球上任何动物匹敌的物种引起

390
00:37:53,880 --> 00:37:56,960
in its ability to breed successfully.
成功繁殖的能力

391
00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:03,720
Us.
我们

392
00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:11,400
In the last 17 years,
17年来,

393
00:38:11,400 --> 00:38:14,080
our population has increased
我们的人口增加了

394
00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:17,000
by over 1.4 billion.
超过14亿

395
00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:29,200
We have overcome most of life's challenges .
我们已经克服了生活中的大部分挑战

396
00:38:34,120 --> 00:38:35,800
and,as a result,
因此

397
00:38:35,800 --> 00:38:39,560
we have become the most dominant species on the planet.
我们已经成为地球上最具优势的物种

398
00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:43,640
But our success has come at a cost.
但我们的成功是有代价的

399
00:38:46,240 --> 00:38:48,440
We have converted wild habitat
我们已经改变了野生栖息地

400
00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:50,480
to suit our needs .
为了满足我们的需要

401
00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:55,840
and have done so on an unprecedented scale.
并以前所未有的规模这样做

402
00:38:58,120 --> 00:39:00,160
One consequence of our actions
我们行动的一个后果

403
00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:04,400
is that we have destroyed the ability of other species to breed.
我们破坏了其他物种的繁殖能力

404
00:39:08,040 --> 00:39:11,680
And now we face a mass extinction of animals
现在我们面临着动物的大规模灭绝

405
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:14,360
like no other in human history.
这是人类历史上独一无二的

406
00:39:25,720 --> 00:39:28,680
If we are to help those that remain .
如果我们要帮助那些留下来的人

407
00:39:28,680 --> 00:39:33,680
we must figure out exactly what they need to play the mating game.
我们必须弄清楚他们到底需要什么来玩交配游戏

408
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:41,160
And until we do that,
在我们这样做之前

409
00:39:41,160 --> 00:39:45,400
we are creating an insurance policy,should the very worst happen.
如果最坏的情况发生 我们正在制定一份保险单

410
00:39:48,040 --> 00:39:49,160
Cryobanks.
冷冻库

411
00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:56,720
A global network freezes and stores the DNA of many species .
一个全球网络冻结并储存了许多物种的DNA

412
00:39:58,400 --> 00:40:01,640
including those on the brink of extinction.
包括那些濒临灭绝的人

413
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:09,400
These blueprints for life
这些人生蓝图

414
00:40:09,400 --> 00:40:13,800
are a vital resource for both research and conservation .
是研究和保护的重要资源

415
00:40:15,240 --> 00:40:19,400
and are already being used to help those struggling to survive.
并且已经被用来帮助那些挣扎求生的人

416
00:40:26,680 --> 00:40:29,760
A male black-footed ferret.
一种雄性黑脚雪貂

417
00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:33,120
He is searching for a mate in the last remnants
他正在寻找最后的伴侣

418
00:40:33,120 --> 00:40:35,400
of the North American prairies.
产于北美大草原

419
00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:42,680
But his chances of success are slim.
但他成功的机会微乎其微

420
00:40:44,240 --> 00:40:48,640
He is one of less than 400 left in the wild.
他是仅存的不到400人中的一个

421
00:40:50,680 --> 00:40:54,800
And all are descended from just seven individuals.
所有这些都是七个人的后代

422
00:40:56,680 --> 00:40:59,160
So even if he does find a mate,
所以即使他真的找到了伴侣

423
00:40:59,160 --> 00:41:01,360
they may be too closely related
他们可能关系太密切了

424
00:41:01,360 --> 00:41:03,040
to have healthy young.
要有健康的孩子

425
00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:06,840
But,thanks to science,
但是 多亏了科学

426
00:41:06,840 --> 00:41:08,880
one very special ferret
一只非常特别的雪貂

427
00:41:08,880 --> 00:41:11,800
may change his mating game forever.
也许会永远改变他的交配游戏

428
00:41:15,040 --> 00:41:17,240
Meet Elizabeth Ann.
见见伊丽莎白·安

429
00:41:19,680 --> 00:41:22,400
She really is one of a kind .
她真的是独一无二的

430
00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:27,800
because Elizabeth Ann is a clone.
因为伊丽莎白·安是克隆人

431
00:41:31,720 --> 00:41:34,680
She has been created from the frozen cells
她是从冰冻的细胞中创造出来的

432
00:41:34,680 --> 00:41:37,720
of a ferret that died over 30 years ago.
一只30多年前死去的雪貂

433
00:41:41,560 --> 00:41:45,520
She isn't closely related to any of the other ferrets,
她和其他雪貂都没有亲缘关系

434
00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:49,680
so the chances of producing healthy offspring with her are much higher.
因此 与她一起生育健康后代的几率要高得多

435
00:41:55,760 --> 00:41:59,400
Should we wish,we now have the ability
如果我们愿意 我们现在有能力了

436
00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:03,160
to breed any animal - or at least save its tissues
繁殖任何动物 或至少保存其组织

437
00:42:03,160 --> 00:42:05,280
until we discover how.
直到我们发现如何

438
00:42:06,960 --> 00:42:10,440
But,in the world we have created,
但是 在我们创造的世界里

439
00:42:10,440 --> 00:42:12,640
there is more that is needed
还需要更多

440
00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:16,280
to ensure long-term success in the mating game.
确保交配游戏的长期成功

441
00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:28,920
In China,scientific breakthroughs with captive breeding
在中国 圈养繁殖的科学突破

442
00:42:28,920 --> 00:42:32,200
have led to a remarkable success story .
带来了一个非凡的成功故事

443
00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:35,360
and a vital lesson.
这是一个重要的教训

444
00:42:47,760 --> 00:42:50,480
A baby giant panda.
一只小熊猫

445
00:42:53,720 --> 00:42:56,680
He is the first in 40 years
他是40年来的第一个

446
00:42:56,680 --> 00:42:58,960
to be born into a world
出生在一个世界

447
00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:02,760
where giant pandas are no longer endangered.
大熊猫不再濒危的地方

448
00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:15,080
He's the product of a captive breeding programme
他是圈养繁殖计划的产物

449
00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:17,760
that began over half a century ago .
那是半个多世纪前开始的

450
00:43:19,720 --> 00:43:24,320
and has now increased their population by more than 600.
现在他们的人口增加了600多人

451
00:43:30,680 --> 00:43:33,000
But,in spite of that success,
但是 尽管取得了成功

452
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:34,640
there was a problem.
有个问题

453
00:43:37,920 --> 00:43:42,480
The young pandas were completely dependent on their keepers.
小熊猫完全依赖饲养员

454
00:43:48,640 --> 00:43:51,200
Ill-equipped to survive in the wild,
没有能力在野外生存

455
00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:55,520
they didn't have the experience they needed to breed naturally.
他们没有自然繁殖所需的经验

456
00:43:55,520 --> 00:43:58,640
And that was all because no-one fully understood
这一切都是因为没有人完全理解

457
00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:02,560
what giant pandas needed to play their mating game.
大熊猫需要什么来进行交配游戏

458
00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:10,440
For decades,we assumed that we could breed captive-born pandas
几十年来 我们一直认为我们可以繁殖圈养出生的熊猫

459
00:44:10,440 --> 00:44:12,600
by simply becoming matchmakers.
通过成为媒人

460
00:44:15,120 --> 00:44:19,520
All we had to do was put a female panda .
我们所要做的就是放一只雌性熊猫

461
00:44:20,920 --> 00:44:23,400
together with a male panda .
和一只雄性熊猫在一起

462
00:44:24,840 --> 00:44:27,040
and let nature take its course.
顺其自然

463
00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:32,040
But nature .
但是大自然

464
00:44:33,560 --> 00:44:35,600
DIDN'T take its course.
没有顺其自然

465
00:44:42,320 --> 00:44:44,560
It turns out that giant pandas
原来是大熊猫

466
00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:47,760
are extremely fussy about who they mate with.
他们对自己的配偶非常挑剔

467
00:44:56,440 --> 00:44:59,800
If a female is paired with a male who .
如果一只雌性与一只雄性配对

468
00:44:59,800 --> 00:45:02,080
just doesn't do it for her .
只是不适合她

469
00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:09,440
then the date fails completely.
那么日期就完全失败了

470
00:45:12,600 --> 00:45:15,200
Yet giant pandas have been on the planet
然而 大熊猫一直生活在这个星球上

471
00:45:15,200 --> 00:45:17,480
for at least two million years -
至少有两百万年了-

472
00:45:17,480 --> 00:45:20,320
surely they can't be that bad at breeding!
它们的繁殖能力肯定不会那么差吧！

473
00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:24,960
Clearly,we were missing something.
显然 我们遗漏了一些东西

474
00:45:30,720 --> 00:45:34,320
Field research revealed that female pandas
实地调查显示雌性大熊猫

475
00:45:34,320 --> 00:45:37,640
need to choose a mate for themselves.
需要为自己选择伴侣

476
00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:41,160
And to do that,
要做到这一点

477
00:45:41,160 --> 00:45:43,360
they need trees.
他们需要树

478
00:45:47,840 --> 00:45:50,720
Adult giant pandas lead solitary lives
成年大熊猫过着孤独的生活

479
00:45:50,720 --> 00:45:53,760
and only come together when it's time to breed.
只有到了繁殖的时候才能聚在一起

480
00:45:57,200 --> 00:46:01,400
Up here,a female can advertise when she's ready to mate .
在这里 女性可以在准备交配时做广告

481
00:46:03,240 --> 00:46:06,160
pick the best of the males she attracts .
从她吸引的男性中挑选最好的

482
00:46:08,760 --> 00:46:11,280
and avoid any she doesn't fancy.
避免任何她不喜欢的

483
00:46:14,920 --> 00:46:20,280
These lessons are now changing how we help captive-bred giant pandas
这些教训正在改变我们如何帮助圈养大熊猫

484
00:46:20,280 --> 00:46:23,080
to play a more natural mating game.
玩一个更自然的交配游戏

485
00:46:26,160 --> 00:46:29,320
This mother was raised by keepers.
这位母亲是由饲养员抚养长大的

486
00:46:29,320 --> 00:46:33,040
Her chances of going back to the wild have gone.
她回到野外的机会已经没有了

487
00:46:36,720 --> 00:46:39,120
But for her spirited cub .
但对于她那充满活力的幼崽

488
00:46:40,320 --> 00:46:42,320
there is a brighter future.
有一个更光明的未来

489
00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:04,200
By being raised by her mother
由她母亲抚养长大

490
00:47:04,200 --> 00:47:07,800
in a more natural environment - away from keepers -
在一个更自然的环境中-远离饲养员-

491
00:47:07,800 --> 00:47:12,840
she's learning the skills she will need to survive in the wild.
她正在学习在野外生存所需的技能

492
00:47:25,800 --> 00:47:29,320
It'll be at least two years before she's ready.
至少要过两年她才能准备好

493
00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:33,600
But if she shows enough independence,
但如果她表现出足够的独立性

494
00:47:33,600 --> 00:47:37,200
she will be released into native forest nearby,
她将被释放到附近的原始森林

495
00:47:37,200 --> 00:47:41,320
and have a fighting chance of entering into the mating game
并有机会进入交配游戏

496
00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:43,400
on her own terms.
按她自己的方式

497
00:47:45,680 --> 00:47:49,480
And now,her odds of doing so have never been better.
而现在 她这样做的几率从未如此之大

498
00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:02,640
In the last 40 years,the Chinese authorities
在过去40年中 中国当局

499
00:48:02,640 --> 00:48:06,480
have doubled the amount of protected panda habitat,
保护的熊猫栖息地数量翻了一番

500
00:48:06,480 --> 00:48:09,720
and have even more planned.
并且有更多的计划

501
00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:16,400
And,remarkably,in the same time,
值得注意的是 与此同时

502
00:48:16,400 --> 00:48:20,200
the wild population has increased by nearly a thousand.
野生种群增加了近千

503
00:48:23,720 --> 00:48:26,560
All without a human matchmaker in sight.
都看不到一个媒人

504
00:48:30,960 --> 00:48:35,080
Left alone,wild pandas have created almost twice the number
如果不加以考虑 野生大熊猫的数量几乎是野生大熊猫的两倍

505
00:48:35,080 --> 00:48:38,520
that the very best artificial breeding programme
这是最好的人工繁殖计划

506
00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:39,960
could have created.
可能已经创造了

507
00:48:47,040 --> 00:48:53,240
Turns out giant pandas aren't that bad at breeding,after all.
事实证明 大熊猫毕竟在繁殖方面并不差

508
00:48:57,600 --> 00:49:01,320
If we are to reverse our impact on the natural world,
如果我们要扭转对自然世界的影响

509
00:49:01,320 --> 00:49:04,720
the solution is simple and very clear.
解决方案简单明了

510
00:49:07,680 --> 00:49:11,320
We must protect and regenerate natural habitats.
我们必须保护和恢复自然栖息地

511
00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:17,440
If we can do that,
如果我们能做到这一点

512
00:49:17,440 --> 00:49:21,160
then the mating game can be relied upon
那么交配游戏就可以信赖了

513
00:49:21,160 --> 00:49:23,840
to create future generations.
创造后代

514
00:49:36,560 --> 00:49:38,800
To film animals' mating behaviour,
拍摄动物的交配行为

515
00:49:38,800 --> 00:49:42,800
camera teams need to be in the right place at the right time.
摄制组需要在正确的时间在正确的地点

516
00:49:45,240 --> 00:49:48,400
Most mating behaviours are infrequent,fleeting,
大多数交配行为是罕见的 短暂的

517
00:49:48,400 --> 00:49:50,480
and often unpredictable.
而且常常是不可预测的

518
00:49:56,120 --> 00:49:58,520
Perhaps the rarest breeding event
也许是最罕见的繁殖事件

519
00:49:58,520 --> 00:50:01,200
the Mating Game team attempted to film
交配游戏小组试图拍摄

520
00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:04,240
only happens once in every 17 years.
每17年才发生一次

521
00:50:05,520 --> 00:50:08,360
Starting next week,billions - if not trillions - of tiny invaders
从下周开始 数十亿——如果不是万亿的话——小型入侵者

522
00:50:08,360 --> 00:50:11,080
will begin their assault on nearly all of the country
将在全国范围内展开攻击

523
00:50:11,080 --> 00:50:12,720
east of the Mississippi River.
密西西比河以东

524
00:50:12,720 --> 00:50:16,040
We are talking about Brood X Cicadas.
我们正在谈论孵卵的蝉

525
00:50:16,040 --> 00:50:18,560
They've been laying in wait for 17 years
他们已经等了17年了

526
00:50:18,560 --> 00:50:20,880
until the time and temperature is right to begin
直到合适的时间和温度开始

527
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:24,000
their deafening descent upon millions of Americans.
他们震耳欲聋的血统影响了数百万美国人

528
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:26,720
There was a gazillion of them.
他们有无数

529
00:50:26,720 --> 00:50:29,080
They were just swarming crazy.
他们都快疯了

530
00:50:29,080 --> 00:50:32,320
And the noise - it was just fascinating.
还有噪音 真是太迷人了

531
00:50:32,320 --> 00:50:36,200
They're so thick around the tree in my front yard,
它们在我前院的树上密密麻麻的

532
00:50:36,200 --> 00:50:39,040
that the .odour,the stench is to the point
那 气味 臭味就说到点子上了

533
00:50:39,040 --> 00:50:42,040
where it's almost unbearable,at least for me.
这几乎让我无法忍受 至少对我来说

534
00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:45,160
And when they first was coming out,I thought they were disgusting
当他们刚出来的时候 我觉得他们很恶心

535
00:50:45,160 --> 00:50:47,200
but now I kind of like them!
但现在我有点喜欢他们了！

536
00:50:48,920 --> 00:50:52,120
To film this emergence of periodical cicadas,
为了拍摄定期出现的蝉

537
00:50:52,120 --> 00:50:57,120
the crew teamed up with lifelong cicada expert John Cooley.
船员们与终身蝉专家约翰·库利合作

538
00:50:57,120 --> 00:50:59,120
So how did I get interested in cicadas?
那我是怎么对蝉感兴趣的呢？

539
00:50:59,120 --> 00:51:02,360
Well,as .As you can see,they're a lot of fun to play with,
嗯 作为  正如你所见 他们玩起来很有趣

540
00:51:02,360 --> 00:51:05,240
and they always have some new trick up their sleeves,
他们总是有一些新的技巧

541
00:51:05,240 --> 00:51:08,000
and this one has really decided that he likes this microphone
而这个人真的决定了他喜欢这个麦克风

542
00:51:08,000 --> 00:51:12,360
an awful lot,and so he's going to attempt to mate with it.
太多了 所以他要试着和它交配

543
00:51:12,360 --> 00:51:16,880
This emergence has only happened three times in his lifetime,
在他有生之年 这种情况只发生过三次

544
00:51:16,880 --> 00:51:21,400
so John has more reason than most to be present at the event.
因此 约翰比大多数人更有理由出席这次活动

545
00:51:24,080 --> 00:51:26,400
John's knowledge is extensive,
约翰知识渊博

546
00:51:26,400 --> 00:51:29,240
but one unique skill proves most useful
但有一项独特的技能证明是最有用的

547
00:51:29,240 --> 00:51:31,520
when filming their mating strategies .
在拍摄他们的交配策略时

548
00:51:37,360 --> 00:51:39,760
That was an interference buzz.
这是一个干扰嗡嗡声

549
00:51:39,760 --> 00:51:42,000
he can speak cicada.
他会说蝉语

550
00:51:42,000 --> 00:51:44,080
Let's do it.
让我们做吧

551
00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:49,360
This gives the crew a great advantage in their attempts
这给船员们的尝试带来了巨大的优势

552
00:51:49,360 --> 00:51:52,080
to capture the courtship rituals
捕捉求爱仪式

553
00:51:52,080 --> 00:51:54,240
of these remarkable insects.
这些非凡的昆虫

554
00:51:54,240 --> 00:51:58,880
I can whistle louder and more pure tone than the male cicadas,
我能吹出比雄蝉更响亮更纯正的口哨

555
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:01,640
so I can give kind of a supernormal stimulus
所以我可以给你一种超常的刺激

556
00:52:01,640 --> 00:52:04,120
that will get the female to wing flick.
这将使女性的翅膀轻弹

557
00:52:04,120 --> 00:52:06,520
And I can also duet to myself - I can whistle and .
我也可以和自己二重唱-我可以吹口哨和

558
00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:09,680
do that to get the male to call.
这样做是为了让男人打电话

559
00:52:09,680 --> 00:52:13,480
So what I did was I kind of stepped into that interaction
所以我所做的是我介入了这种互动

560
00:52:13,480 --> 00:52:15,080
to get the female to wing flick
让雌性翅膀轻弹

561
00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:17,120
and also to get the male back into a mode
也是为了让男性重新进入一种状态

562
00:52:17,120 --> 00:52:19,600
where he was calling.So that was manipulated.
他打电话的地方 所以这是被操纵的

563
00:52:19,600 --> 00:52:22,040
And there goes a bluebird!
还有一只蓝知更鸟！

564
00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:23,840
Sorry.
很抱歉

565
00:52:29,680 --> 00:52:31,960
Anybody who says they're not good flyers
有人说他们不是好传单吗

566
00:52:31,960 --> 00:52:34,640
has never watched exactly what happened there,
从来没看过那里发生的事情

567
00:52:34,640 --> 00:52:36,080
where he flew right to it.
他飞到那里

568
00:52:37,600 --> 00:52:41,080
That was what we call extremely persuasive calling,where it's .
这就是我们所说的极具说服力的电话 在那里

569
00:52:41,080 --> 00:52:43,120
ta-ta-ta-ta-ta-daaaaaaah -
哈哈哈哈哈哈-

570
00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:46,120
little stutters in the beginning and a little bit of abdomen waggle -
开始时有点口吃 腹部有点摇晃-

571
00:52:46,120 --> 00:52:47,720
I hear you got that on there -
我听说你把它放在那里了-

572
00:52:47,720 --> 00:52:49,800
where he's just,you know,doing that.
他只是 你知道 那样做

573
00:52:51,080 --> 00:52:54,040
Yeah,I film a lot of insects,but to get them to do something
是的 我拍了很多昆虫 但是为了让它们做点什么

574
00:52:54,040 --> 00:52:57,240
on cue,just like that,is pretty special.
在暗示下 就像那样 是非常特别的

575
00:52:59,040 --> 00:53:01,480
The crew wait until nightfall,
船员们一直等到天黑

576
00:53:01,480 --> 00:53:04,960
and John takes them to the exact place where he predicts
约翰把他们带到他预测的地方

577
00:53:04,960 --> 00:53:07,160
the cicadas will emerge.
蝉会出现

578
00:53:08,520 --> 00:53:10,840
We got a call saying this is a really good nymph area
我们接到电话说这是一个非常好的仙女区

579
00:53:10,840 --> 00:53:14,120
and they are literally crawling everywhere.
它们真的到处爬行

580
00:53:14,120 --> 00:53:16,800
It's like the ground is kind of boiling up.
好像地面在沸腾

581
00:53:16,800 --> 00:53:18,960
You can hear them crackling.
你可以听到它们噼啪作响

582
00:53:18,960 --> 00:53:21,200
It sounds like fire,or sort of leaves rustling.
听起来像是火 或是树叶沙沙作响

583
00:53:21,200 --> 00:53:23,680
They're just everywhere and they've been climbing us -
他们到处都是 他们一直在攀爬我们-

584
00:53:23,680 --> 00:53:28,000
we've had to tuck our shirts in cos they're climbing up our shirts!
我们不得不把衬衫塞进被子里 因为它们在往上爬！

585
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:29,760
But,yeah,it's really cool.
但是 是的 真的很酷

586
00:53:29,760 --> 00:53:34,160
I did not expect to see them in these crazy numbers.
我没想到他们会有这么多疯狂的人

587
00:53:34,160 --> 00:53:37,680
There are so many cicadas coming out.
有那么多蝉出来了

588
00:53:37,680 --> 00:53:39,840
Oh,yeah,there's a lot going up me.
哦 是的 我身上有很多东西

589
00:53:39,840 --> 00:53:41,600
Cicada nymphs everywhere.
到处都是蝉若虫

590
00:53:41,600 --> 00:53:45,440
One got all the way up my pant leg,even up my shorts.
其中一个一直爬到我的裤腿上 甚至爬到我的短裤上

591
00:53:45,440 --> 00:53:48,280
There just must be just tens of thousands,
肯定只有数万人

592
00:53:48,280 --> 00:53:51,520
if not hundreds of thousands of cicadas here.
如果不是数十万只蝉的话

593
00:53:54,240 --> 00:53:56,880
But as the crew crack on with their filming,
但随着剧组继续拍摄

594
00:53:56,880 --> 00:54:00,080
John begins to notice some unsettling details.
约翰开始注意到一些令人不安的细节

595
00:54:01,960 --> 00:54:04,720
Oh,look at the bubbles of lymph that are forming now
哦 看看正在形成的淋巴泡

596
00:54:04,720 --> 00:54:06,800
where you just got walked all over.
你刚刚被人到处走了

597
00:54:06,800 --> 00:54:09,000
And this thing is just hanging by a foot
这东西就这么悬着

598
00:54:09,000 --> 00:54:11,440
at the very delicate part of moulting.
在蜕皮的非常微妙的部分

599
00:54:12,800 --> 00:54:14,560
Ohhh! Ohh! Ohh!
哦！哦！哦！

600
00:54:16,400 --> 00:54:21,160
It's just .It's losing .a quarter of its body fluid.
只是  它正在失去  四分之一的体液

601
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:26,880
This is really pretty extreme,what's going on here.
这真的很极端 这里发生了什么

602
00:54:26,880 --> 00:54:28,080
But,you know,it's .
但是 你知道 这是

603
00:54:28,080 --> 00:54:31,120
It isn't set up or anything - this is just what's happening
它没有设置或任何东西-这就是正在发生的事情

604
00:54:31,120 --> 00:54:33,520
and they're all going up this one tree.
他们都爬上了这棵树

605
00:54:33,520 --> 00:54:35,560
There's nowhere else to go where we are -
我们现在没地方可去了-

606
00:54:35,560 --> 00:54:37,080
we're standing on a parking lot
我们站在一个停车场上

607
00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:39,240
and the rest of it's sort of a backyard.
剩下的部分有点像后院

608
00:54:39,240 --> 00:54:43,240
So this is .This is kind of one of the ways that humans
所以这是  这是人类生存的方式之一

609
00:54:43,240 --> 00:54:45,640
modify the landscape,that .
修改风景 那

610
00:54:45,640 --> 00:54:48,240
may not work out so well for the cicadas.
对蝉来说可能不太好

611
00:54:50,040 --> 00:54:53,480
This is not natural cicada habitat .
这不是蝉的自然栖息地

612
00:54:54,760 --> 00:54:57,400
To the best of what we know,
据我们所知

613
00:54:57,400 --> 00:55:01,560
these are species that like edges - forest edges -
这些物种喜欢边缘——森林边缘-

614
00:55:01,560 --> 00:55:03,280
but this is a little bit different.
但这有点不同

615
00:55:03,280 --> 00:55:05,240
Kirk's house,in this setting right here,
柯克的房子就在这里

616
00:55:05,240 --> 00:55:08,680
and a lot of the places we've seen are lawns with trees coming up.
我们看到的很多地方都是长满树木的草坪

617
00:55:08,680 --> 00:55:12,840
And these trees are very good places for the cicadas to lay eggs,
这些树是蝉产卵的好地方

618
00:55:12,840 --> 00:55:15,680
they do quite well - a lot of eggs go in the ground here,
它们做得很好-这里有很多鸡蛋在地里

619
00:55:15,680 --> 00:55:17,440
a lot of them survive -
他们中的很多人活了下来-

620
00:55:17,440 --> 00:55:19,840
but when they come out,they only have one place to go -
但是当他们出来的时候 他们只有一个地方可以去-

621
00:55:19,840 --> 00:55:21,280
it's back to that tree.
回到那棵树上

622
00:55:21,280 --> 00:55:24,600
And so these isolated trees concentrate the cicadas in a way
所以这些孤立的树在某种程度上集中了蝉

623
00:55:24,600 --> 00:55:26,760
that a natural forest edge doesn't.
自然森林的边缘没有

624
00:55:29,280 --> 00:55:32,560
The cicadas' 17-year cycle evolved during a time
蝉的17年周期在一段时间内进化

625
00:55:32,560 --> 00:55:36,720
when their surrounding habitat was predictably constant.
当它们周围的栖息地可以预测是恒定的

626
00:55:36,720 --> 00:55:40,240
But this is no longer the case in our modern world.
但在我们的现代世界 情况已不再如此

627
00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:48,280
As trees disappear from their habitat,
随着树木从栖息地消失

628
00:55:48,280 --> 00:55:52,320
so do John's opportunities to understand their behaviours.
约翰也有机会了解他们的行为

629
00:55:55,880 --> 00:55:59,600
His lifetime of work does help the crew piece together
他一生的工作确实有助于全体船员团结一致

630
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:03,360
the cicadas' strategy as they create the next generation.
蝉创造下一代时的策略

631
00:56:05,960 --> 00:56:08,440
Yeah.Oh,let these guys go up.
是 啊哦 让这些人上去

632
00:56:08,440 --> 00:56:11,000
We got more.It's going to be good.
我们还有更多 会很好的

633
00:56:12,960 --> 00:56:14,240
This is it,kids.
就这样 孩子们

634
00:56:17,160 --> 00:56:20,080
It does not get any better than that.
没有比这更好的了

635
00:56:22,360 --> 00:56:25,160
However,John's work is far from done.
然而 约翰的工作远未完成

636
00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:29,880
He has already uncovered many mysteries
他已经揭开了许多谜团

637
00:56:29,880 --> 00:56:32,040
surrounding these amazing creatures.
围绕着这些神奇的生物

638
00:56:32,040 --> 00:56:34,800
But with only one chance every 17 years,
但是每17年只有一次机会

639
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:37,200
he will soon run out of time.
他很快就没时间了

640
00:56:38,560 --> 00:56:41,760
What's the biggest mystery left with periodical cicadas?
周期性蝉留下的最大谜团是什么？

641
00:56:41,760 --> 00:56:42,800
Why?
为什么？

642
00:56:44,360 --> 00:56:46,360
Biggest mystery in my book is .
我书中最大的谜团是

643
00:56:47,480 --> 00:56:50,560
given that there are 5,000-6,000 species of cicadas on the planet,
考虑到地球上有5000-6000种蝉

644
00:56:50,560 --> 00:56:53,360
fewer than ten doing this - what were the special circumstances
不到十个这样做-有什么特殊情况

645
00:56:53,360 --> 00:56:55,760
that caused these to have this kind of life history?
是什么让他们有了这样的生活史？

646
00:56:55,760 --> 00:56:58,160
And I think,ultimately,that's going to be the question
我认为 最终 这将是一个问题

647
00:56:58,160 --> 00:57:01,480
that I will not be able to answer in my remaining life.
在我的余生中我将无法回答

648
00:57:01,480 --> 00:57:04,760
So .Go to it,future generations!
所以去吧 子孙后代！